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Tropenmuseum of the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT)
Oficina de Experimentos
Eletrônicos
Elektro e Sparko, Westinghouse, 1939
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Actroid-DER_01.jpg
Bin im Garten, CC-BY-SA-3.0
Tibor Antalóczy. CC-BY-SA-3.0
ENERGIAQual é a fonte de energia?
Energia Solar
Baterias
ENERGIA
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
ENERGIA
ATUADORESO que ele vai fazer?
Motor
“Músculo” a ar
LEDs
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORES
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORESQue informações ele precisa?
Sonar e Infravermelho
Câmera
Kinect
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORES
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORES
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORES
COMUNICAÇÃO
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORES
COMUNICAÇÃOComo ele vai se comunicar?
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORES
COMUNICAÇÃO
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORES
COMUNICAÇÃO
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORES
COMUNICAÇÃO
CONTROLE
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORES
COMUNICAÇÃO
CONTROLEQue decisões ele vai tomar?
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORES
COMUNICAÇÃO
CONTROLE
ENERGIA
ATUADORES
SENSORES
COMUNICAÇÃO
CONTROLE
Computador
O Arduíno
http://www.instructables.com/member/leahbuechley/
http://www.instructables.com/member/randofo/
http://www.creativeapplications.net/android/stonespray-3d-printing-with-sand/
http://www.instructables.com/id/Self-Balancing-Scooter-Ver-10/
Partes de um computador
Unidade Central de
Processamento
(CPU)
Entradas Saídas
Memória
ProgramaDados
Entradas e saídas do Arduíno
PISCANDO UM LED
Exemplo
Montagem
Eletricidade
Carga Elétrica
Voltagem (Tensão)
Corrente
SENSOR ULTRASSÔNICO
Montagem 2
O Sensor HC-SR04
Como Funciona
BIP
BIP
Cálculo da Distância
Considerando que a velocidade do som é de 340m/s
Distancia = (tempoEco / 2) * 0,034
1. Geramos um bip
2. Medimos o tempo para receber o eco
3. Calculamos a distância
Montagem
Entradas e saídas do Arduíno
Fazer para sempre
O que nós vamos fazer
Quando chegarmos a mão a menos de 20cm do sensor, vamos acender um LED
Fazer BEEP
Medir o tempo do BEEP voltar
Calcular a distância
Distância é menor que 20cm?
Acende LED
Distância é maior que 20cm?
Apaga LED
Programa
void loop() {
long tempoEco;
long distancia;
//--- Faz BEEP
digitalWrite(PINO_TRIGGER_SENSOR, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(PINO_TRIGGER_SENSOR, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(PINO_TRIGGER_SENSOR, LOW);
//--- Mede o tempo do BEEP voltar
tempoEco = pulseIn(PINO_ECHO_SENSOR, HIGH);
//--- Calcula a distância
//--- velocidade do som = 340 m/s = 0.034 cm/us
distancia = (tempoEco/2) * 0.034;
if (distancia < 20) {
digitalWrite(PINO_LED, HIGH)
}
else {
digitalWrite(PINO_LED, LOW)
}
}
CARRINHO FUJÃO
Montagem 3
Motor de Passo
Modelo 28BYJ-48 - 512 passos por volta
Fazer para sempre
O que nós vamos fazer
Quando chegarmos a mão a menos de 20cm do sensor, vamos acender um LED
Fazer BEEP
Medir o tempo do BEEP voltar
Calcular a distância
Distância é menor que 20cm?
Liga o motor um pouco
andar um pouco para a frente
Oficina de Experimentos Eletrônicos

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Oficina de Experimentos Eletrônicos

Notas del editor

  1. Quemsabe o que é um robô (figuras de robôs de váriostipos). Qual a diferença entre um robô e umageladeira? Um carrinho de controleremoto? Uma pessoa?Um robôéumamáquinaquepossafazeratividadespara as quaiselaéprogramada, muitasvezesparecendotomardecisõespróprias, semqueumapessoatenhaqueficarcomandando o tempo todo.Geralmente o robôrealizaatividadesfísicas, interagindo com o meioambiente – se movimentar, pegar um objeto e transformá-lo: cortar, colar, pintar.
  2. Uma geladeirapodeserconsiderada um robô? Bem… umageladeirafazumaatividadepara a qualéprogramada: gelar. Nãoprecisa de umapessoacomandando. Parecetomardecisõesprópriasnahora de ficarligando e desligandopara regular a temperatura. Mas nãoéconsiderada um robôporque as decisõesqueelatomasãorelativamentemuito simples.
  3. E um carro? É um robô? Um carronãoé um robôporque tem semprealguémdizendoquandoele tem queandar, pararouvirar. O carronãotomadecisõessozinho.
  4. Com o Google car, istoédiferente,poiselenãoprecisa de umapessoadirigindo!
  5. Estamosacostumados a pensaremrobôsqueparecemhumanos, mas nemtodossãoassim. Inclusive a maioria das pessoas se senteincomodadaquandoficaperto de um robôhumanodemais.
  6. Robôs “quase” humanosacabamsendomuitomaissimpáticos.
  7. Este érobôdoméstico com umafunçãobemdefinida: aspirarpó. Vocêsoltaelepela casa e elevaipercorrendotudo e aspirando.
  8. Este é otipo de robômaiscomum: o robô industrial. Hojeemdiaédifícilverumafábricaquenãotenhaalgunsdestesfazendoatividadescomomontagem, soldagem, pinturaououtras. São operaçõesrepetitivasquesãofeitas com muitavelocidade e precisão, semterquepararparairaobanheiro.