Course Handbook Outline for Pmy 4329

1. University of Zambia
School of Medicine
Department of Pharmacy
Terms I – 4
Period: 2015/2016
PMY 4329 Course Syllabus
Course Information
Course Title CLINICAL PHARMACOGNOSY
Course Code PMY 4329
Prerequisites Third Year General Pharmacognosy (PMY 3310)
Course Website TBS (To be sourced)
Course Coordinator Dr. A.G. Bwalya
Total Teaching Hours 100 Hours
Total Contact Hours for Lab /
Clinical/Tutorials / Workshops
Sessions
100 Hours
Course Description - Clinical Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs derived from plants or other natural
sources with emphasize on their respective clinical application
- It is also defined as the study of crude drugs in clinical use.
- This course further develops the clinical application of the drugs from plants and other natural
sources in the management of the various conditions.
- It also focuses on the role of complementary and alternative medicine practice in modern
medicine in various cultures.
A. …………….Credit Units
B. AIM: The aim of this course is to further understand the clinical application of drugs derived from plants and other natural sources in
various conditions including the role of complementary and alternative medicine in modern medicine in various cultures.
C. The OBJECTIVES of the course are to:
i. To explain the clinical application of drugs derived from plants and other natural sources in the management of infections and
chronic conditions
ii. To describe the toxicological effect of pesticides and toxic agents from plants
iii. To explain the role of complementary and alternative medicine in modern medicine in various cultures
iv. To evaluate the plants used in African traditional medicine

2. TEXTBOOKS
1. Book Title TREASE & EVANS PHARMACOGNOSY
Author(s) W.C. Evans
Publisher W.B. Saunders
Year 2005
Edition 15th
Edition
ISBN -
2. Book Title INTRODUCTION TO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Editors William G. Hopkins and Norman P. A. Hu¨ner
Publisher John Wiley & Sons
Year 2009
Edition 4TH
Edition
ISBN 978-0-470-24766-2 (cloth)
3. Book Title ESAU’S PLANT ANATOMY
Editors Ray F. Evert
Publisher Wiley-Interscience
Year 2006
Edition 3rd
Edition
ISBN 13: 978-0-471-73843-5 (cloth)
4. Book Title PLANTS: EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY
Authors Martin Ingrouille
Publisher Cambridge University
Year 2006
Edition 1st
Edition
ISBN 10-0-511-22476-1
5. Book Title HANDBOOK OF PLANT & CROP PHYSIOLOGY REVISED & EXPANDED
Author Mohammad Pessarakli
Publisher Marcel Dekker,
Year 2002
Edition 2nd
Edition
ISBN 0-8247-0546-7
Other references 6. Plant Physiology, Taiz & Zeiger
7. WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, Vol. 1 1999
8. Handbook of Plant & Crop Physiology Revised & Expanded - Mohammad Pessarakli
9. Plant Constituents Pharmacognosy
10. Pharmacognosy Laboratory Manual
11. Complimentary & Alternative Medicine, Steven B Kayne, 2009
12. Phytochemicals – A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health, 2012
13. Selected Topics in the Chemistry of Natural Products, Raphael Ikan, 2008
14. Natural Products from Plants
15. Natural Products from plants, Peter B. Kaufman etal, 1999
16. Introduction of Plant Constituents and their Tests, 2007
17. Gardner’s Commercially Important Chemicals, G. W. A. Milne, 2005
18. The Aromatherapy Handbook, Lab Rats Project, 2006
19. Clinical Aromatherapy, Jane Buckle, 2003
20. Encyclopaedia of Homeopathy, DR. Andrew Lockie, 2006
Assessment
Assessment Due Date Percentage
Test 1 08/12/2016 15%
Test 2 20/04/2016 15%
Assignments TBC 5%
Laboratory Reports TBA 5%
Course Competences
THE EXPECTED COMPETENCES ARE:
1. Explains the clinical application of drugs derived from plants and other natural sources in the management of infections and
chronic conditions.
2. Describes the toxicological effect of pesticides and toxic agents from plants
3. Explains the role of complementary and alternative medicine in modern medicine in various cultures
4. Evaluates the plants used in African traditional medicine

3. Teaching & Learning Methods
1. Class lectures and lecture notes are designed to achieve the course objectives.
2. Students should read the assigned topics from recommended textbooks before class and participate in class.
3. Students should ask questions - Ask lots of questions.
4. Tutorials will be conducted to encourage discussions and further understanding of material taught in lectures.
5. Students are expected to have answers to tutorial questions for them to be allowed to attend.
6. Students are expected to attend ALL lectures. Students with less than 85% attendance will not be allowed to write end of year
examinations*
7. Students should undertake ALL laboratory practicals
8. You are responsible for all material covered in this course.
9. Please communicate any concerns or issues either in class, or during the tutorials
COURSE CONTENT
UNIT
TOPICS
TIME
(hours)
REFERENCE
1. General Introduction to Clinical
Pharmacognosy
- Standardization process of the alternative
medicine
- Quality assessment of the alternative medicine
- Safety of the alternative medicine
- Clinical trials of the alternative medicine
10
1: Chapter 1-4
2. Plants with anti-protozoa
activities
- Investigation methods
- Modes of action anti-protozoa drugs
- Classification of anti-protozoa drugs
- Potential plant sources
- Terpenoid, quinines and falconoid
20
13: Chapter 2-5
14: Chapter 1-6
3. Antihepatotoxic drugs - Oral hypoglycaemic drugs
- Vitamins and hormones
- Anti-bacterial drugs
- Anti-viral drugs
- Colouring and flavouring agents
- Miscellaneous products
20
13: Chapter 1
4. Hallucinogenic, allergenic,
teratogenic and other toxic
plants
- Hallucinogens
- Natural allergens
- Teratogens of high plants
- Other toxic plants
20 13: Chapter 2-3
14: Chapter 1
5. Pesticides of natural origin
- Insecticides
- Rodent 10
13: Chapters 1-13
6. Homeopathic medicines
Theory & practice
- History of homeopathy
- Key principles & theories
- Building a materia medica
- Development of homeopathy
Materia medica
- How remedies are made
- Major plant remedies
- Major mineral remedies
- Major animal remedies
- Minor remedies
Systemic Major ailments
- Consulting a practitioner
- Nervous system
- Respiratory system
- Circulatory system
- Digestive system
- Skin & bones
- Reproductive systems
- Immune system
20
20: Chapter 1-6

4. - Mind & emotions
Systemic Minor ailments
- Choosing a remedy
- Nervous system
- The eyes
- The ears
- Respiratory system
- Circulatory system
- The mouth
- Digestive system
- The skin
- Emotional problems
- Children’s health
- Health in adolescence
- Women’s health
- Men’s health
- Health in later life
- First aid
A – Z Quick Referencing
7. Aromatherapy - History of Aromatherapy
- The Nature of Aromatherapy
- How Essential Oils Work
- Aromatherapy Massage
- Aromatherapy Recipes
- Aromatherapy Accessories
- Flea, Tick and Mosquito Control Through
Aromatherapy
- Seven Essential Oils for aromatherapy
- Potential Risks of Essential Oils
- Application of aromatherapy
- Asian medicines and its practice
10
18: Chapter 1-10
19: Chapter 2
8. Plants in complimentary&
Alternative use
Introduction to complementary and alternative medicine
- complementary concept of healthcare
- Integrative medicine
- Delivering CAM
- The evidence base for CAM
- Pharmacovigilance of CAM
Therapies involving use of medicines
- Homeopathy and anthroposophy
- Medical herbalism
- Aromatherapy
- Flower remedy therapy
Traditional medicine
- The traditional healthcare environment
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- Indian ayurvedic medicine
Other therapies and diagnostic techniques
- Naturopathy and its associated therapies
- Diagnostic therapies
- Manual therapies
- Mind and body therapies
20 11: Part I-IV
9. Traditional plants in Africa with
medicinal values
- Traditional medicine practitioners and their
techniques
- Treatment types in African Traditional medicine
- Scientific evidence supporting some practices
and remedies in African Traditional Medicines
- Theories on the origin of herbal medicine in
Africa
- Research into African medicinal plant Trade in
medicinal plants in Africa
- Conservation of medicinal plants in Africa
- African pharmacopoeia
10 Notes
Additional Notes
Examination
Format
Two papers: Paper I and Paper II: Exact format TBC to students at least 14 days before the date of
Examination
Supplementary
Exams
TBA by senate: Format will be similar to that of the main examination
Estimated end
Date
Lectures to end as soon as study period begins

5. Cheating /
Unusual
activities
The University Zambia Policy on this issue, please read
Attendance 100% attendance in all activities is expected.
Continuous
Assessment [CA]
Please take CA very serious. Students with no CA will not be allowed to sit for final examinations