My presentation on Graph

1. 11
GraphGraph
Presented to:Presented to:
Sir Atif FirdausSir Atif Firdaus
Presented ByPresented By::
MALIK GHULAM MURTZAMALIK GHULAM MURTZA
Roll No: 9226Roll No: 9226
Department of Computer ScienceDepartment of Computer Science
Garrison Post Graduate College [M]Garrison Post Graduate College [M]

2. 2
GRAPHS & THEIR
HISTORY
Early History:
L.J.Henderson, attempted to analyze
mammalian blood solely as a physical-chemical
substance. He found that the only way he could
describe a chemical system as complicated as
blood was by a diagram called a "nomogram“.
This lecture tells the history of graphs in the
eighteenth century, their development in
nineteenth-century engineering practice, and
their importance in the twentieth century.
NOMOGRAM: a graphic representation of numerical
relations .
MAMMALIAN: of or relating to the class Mammalian.
GRAPH THEORY: This theory is also given by Euler
(1707-1783) in this regard.

3. 3
WHAT IS
GRAPH?
The word "graph" has many definitions as:
1)In elementary mathematics, "graph" refers
to a function graph or "graph of a function," i.e.,
A plot of a function i.e., trigonometric function
etc…
2) Graphs are pictures that help us understand
amounts. (Or) A graph is a diagrammatic
technique to exhibit information. These amounts
and information are called data.
NOTE:- Elementary Mathematics consists of
mathematics topics frequently taught at the
primary or secondary school levels. The most
basic topics in elementary mathematics are
arithmetic and geometry…..

4. 4
Types of
Graphs
There are many types of graphs that we use in
daily life but here we discuss only few types.
Circle graph
Line graph
Picture graph
Bar graph
Histogram
Histogram is special type of bar graph.
(The word histogram comes from the
Greek histos, meaning pole or mast, and
gram, which means a chart or graph, was
first introduced by Karl Pearson )

5. 5
Circle or Pie
graph
A circle graph is shaped
like a circle. It is divided
into fractions that look
like pieces of pie, so
sometimes a circle graph
is called a pie graph.
Many times the fractional
parts are different colors
and a key explains the
color.
Example :if we have some
fruits than liking of
different people is given
in the pie chart.

6. 6
Line graph
A line graph shows
points plotted on a
graph. The points are
then connected to form
a line.
Example: The table
upper aside shows daily
temperatures for New
York City, recorded for
6 days, in degrees
Fahrenheit, as shown in
the line graph given
aside below.
Temperatures In NY City
Day Temperature
1 43° F
2 53° F
3 50° F
4 57° F
5 59° F
6 67° F

7. 7
Picture graph
A picture graph uses
pictures or symbols to
show data. One picture
often stands for more than
one vote so a key is
necessary to understand
the symbols.
Example : Inside a Picture
Graph is shown.
Key :Each Book represents
1 Book .
A table is also shown that
tells us about no of books
which everyone have.
NAME NUMBER OF
BOOKS
JIM 2
TOM 4
HARRY 3
MIKE 6

8. 8
Bar Graph
A graph used to visually
display frequencies or
percentages and can be used
to compare data are called
Bar graph. (or)
A graph drawn using
rectangular bars to show how
large each value is.
The bars can be horizontal or
vertical.
Example :if we have the set
{1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,5,6}, we can
graph them vertically like
this:

9. 9
Apllications of graphs
in general life
Graphs are used in almost every field of life due to
amazing success of the world, Especially in
following fields:
Science & technology
Economy
Banking & finance

10. 10
Graph in Science & Technology
Graphs in
Physics:
Graph of density.
Graph of Isotherm.
Stress-strain graph.

11. 11
Stress-strain graph.
Frequency vs. current graph
in resonance circuit..
Charging of a capacitor
graph.
Discharging of a capacitor
graph.

12. 12
Work energy graph.
Pressure vs. time graph
of heart beats.
Graph of interference on
CRO.
Graph of critical angle.

13. 13
Graph of internal energy.
Graph of adiabatic
process.
Graph of half life.

14. 14
Graphs in mathematics:
Graph of parabola.
Graph of hyperbola.
Graph of vertical ellipse.
Graph of horizontal
ellipse.

15. 15
Graph of sin function.
Graph of cosine function.
Graph of cos function.

16. 16
Graph of sec function.
Graph of tan function.
Graph of cot function.

17. 17
Graph in economy
Graph of normal profit.
Graph of intrest rate in
market.

18. 18
Rent thoery graph of
diferent lands.
Shut down point:
a point at which some
loss to fix costs.