4. Communication is simply the act of transferring information from
one place, person or group to another. Every communication
involves (at least) one sender, a message and a recipient. ... These
include our emotions, the cultural situation, the medium used to
communicate, and even our location.
9. MESSAGE
•Message is the information that is exchanged between
communicators.
•Messages can be intentional and unintentional
10. COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
• The channel or medium used to communicate a message affects how
the audience will receive the message. Communication channels can
refer to the methods we use to communicate as well as the specific
tools we use in the communication process. In this chapter we will
define communication channels as a medium for communication, or
the passage of information. In this chapter we will discuss the
principal channels of communication, as well as the tools commonly
used in professional communication.
11. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
CHANNELS
• Communication channels can be categorized into three principal channels:
(1) verbal
• (2) written
• (3) non-verbal
• Each of these communications channels have different strengths and
weaknesses, and oftentimes we can use more than one channel at the same
time.
12. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
• Most often when we think of communication, we might imagine two or more people
speaking to each other. This is the largest aspect of verbal communication: speaking and
listening. The source uses words to code the information and speaks to the receiver, who
then decodes the words for understanding and meaning. One example of interference in
this channel is choice of words. If the source uses words that are unfamiliar to the receiver,
there is a chance they will miscommunicate the message or not communicate at all. The
formality of vocabulary choice is another aspect of the verbal channel. In situations with
friends or close co-workers, for example, you may choose more casual words, in contrast
to words you would choose for a presentation you are making to your supervisors. In the
workplace the primary channel of communication is verbal, much of this communication
being used to coordinate with others, problem solve, and build collegiality.
13. WRITTEN
• In contrast to verbal communications, written professional communications are textual messages. Examples
of written communications include memos, proposals, emails, letters, training manuals, and operating
policies. They may be printed on paper, handwritten, or appear on the screen. Normally, a verbal
communication takes place in real time. Written communication, by contrast, can be constructed over a longer
period of time. Written communication is often asynchronous (occurring at different times). That is, the
sender can write a message that the receiver can read at any time, unlike a conversation that transpires in real
time. There are exceptions, however; for example, a voicemail is a verbal message that is asynchronous. Many
jobs involve some degree of writing. Luckily, it is possible to learn to write clearly (more on this in the Plain
Language chapter and the writing module).
14. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
•Nonverbal communication is the transmission of messages or
signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact,
facial expressions, gestures, posture, and the distance between
two individuals.
15. NOISE
• noise refers to influences on effective communication that influence the interpretation of
conversations. While often looked over, communication noise can have a profound impact
both on our perception of [social interactions] interactions with others and our analysis of
our own communication proficiency.
16. FEEDBACK
• The observation of the receiver’s response is called feedback. In other words, the part of
the receiver’s response communicated back to the sender is called feedback. Actually it is
the amount of response of the receiver that reaches to the sender. It enables the sender to
evaluate the effectiveness of the message.
18. 1) PHYSICAL BARRIER
• Physical barriers are easy to spot - doors that are closed, walls that are erected, and distance
between people all work against the goal of effective communication. While most agree that
people need their own personal areas in the workplace, setting up an office to remove physical
barriers is the first step towards opening communication.
• Many professionals who work in industries that thrive on collaborative communication, such as
architecture, purposefully design their workspaces around an "open office" plan. This layout
eschews cubicles in favor of desks grouped around a central meeting space. While each
individual has their own dedicated work space, there are no visible barriers to prevent
collaboration with their co-workers. This encourages greater openness and frequently creates
closer working bonds.
19. PERCEPTUAL BARRIER
• Perceptual barriers are internal. If you go into a situation thinking that the person you are
talking to isn't going to understand or be interested in what you have to say, you may end up
subconsciously sabotaging your effort to make your point. You will employ language that is
sarcastic, dismissive, or even obtuse, thereby alienating your conversational partner.
• Think of movie scenarios in which someone yells clipped phrases at a person they believe is
deaf. The person yelling ends up looking ridiculous while failing to communicate anything of
substance.
20. 3) EMOTIONAL BARRIER
• Emotional barriers to communication are usually due to a lack of emotional awareness or control, often
referred to as emotional intelligence. By better understanding our inner emotions, we
can communicate more productively with others in the workplace and our everyday lives.
• Examples Of Emotional Barriers:
• Examples of emotional barriers that prevent individuals from effective communication include:
• Anger - Anger can affect the way your brain processes information given to you. For example, angry
people have difficulty processing logical statements, limiting their ability to accept explanations and
solutions offered by others
• Pride - The need to be right all the time will not only annoy others, it can shut down effective
communication. For example, you might focus only on your perspective, or you might come up with
ways to shoot down other people before you even listen to their points.
• Anxiousness - Anxiety has a negative impact on the part of your brain that manages creativity and
communication skills. For example, your constant worries can hinder your ability to concentrate on the
information you are giving or receiving.
21. 4) CULTURE BARRIER
• The prime dynamics of culture are the mutual social perceptual set with coordinated,
meaning and action, and cultural variance. The differences in communication recital and
the diverse forms of communication can create diversity among various cultures. People
who live in various cultures and historical epochs communicate differently and have
different patterns of thought. A Cultural barrier in communication occurs mainly when
communication happens between two different cultural backgrounds. We encounter
cultural barriers in everyday life. In the age of globalization and digital media, the whole
world is performing and participating on one platform. Here mutual understandings
between communicators are very much important for the effective, fruitful process of
communication.
22.
23. 5) LANGUAGE BARRIER
• Language is needed for any kind of communication, even people with speech impairments
communicate with sign language and brail. Communication becomes difficult in situations
where people don’t understand each others’ language. The inability to communicate using a
language is known as language barrier to communication.
• Language barriers are the most common communication barriers which cause
misunderstandings and misinterpretations between people.
• Most of the people in the world do not speak English or, even if they use, it is their second or
third language. If the speaker and receiver do not use same language and words, there is no
meaning to the communication. Not using the words that other person understands makes
the communication ineffective and prevents message from being conveyed.
24. 6) GENDER BARRIER
• Gender barriers can be inherent or may be related to gender stereotypes and the ways in
which men and women are taught to behave as children.
• Gender barriers to communication can incite problems at home and in the workplace.
Societal stereotypes, assumed gender roles, and interpersonal differences can contribute to a
communication gap between the sexes. Men and women have assigned roles in society that
exacerbate to the gender divide; it is important to remember, however, that not all men and
women fit into a labeled category.
25.
26. 7) INTERPERSONAL BARRIER
• Interpersonal barriers are what ultimately keep us from reaching out to each other and
opening ourselves up, not just to be heard, but to hear others. Oddly enough, this can be
the most difficult area to change. Some people spend their entire lives attempting to
overcome a poor self-image or a series of deeply rooted prejudices about their place in the
world. They are unable to form genuine connections with people because they have too
many false perceptions blocking the way.
