2. Sustainability is the capacity to endure. In ecology the
word describes how biological systems
remain diverse and productive over time. Long-lived and
healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable
biological systems. For humans, sustainability is the
potential for long-term maintenance of well being, which
has ecological, economic, political and cultural
dimensions. Sustainability requires the reconciliation of
environmental, social equity and economic demands also referred to as the "three pillars" of sustainability or
the 3 Es.
The word sustainability is derived from the
Latin sustainer (tenure, to hold; sues, up).
Dictionaries provide more than ten meanings
for sustain, the main ones being to “maintain",
"support", or "endure”
3. Today ,in many areas, water requirement cannot be met.
The over-utilization of water occurs at various levels .Most
people use more water than they really need. Most of us
waste water during a bath by using a shower or while
washing clothes. Many agriculturists use more water than
necessary to grow crops .
4. THROUGH THE GIVEN TABLE BELOW , WE CAN CONCLUDE THAT THERE
HAS BEEN A DRASTIC FALL IN THE LEVEL OF GROUND WATER IN INDIA.
5.
6. The water cycle, also known as
the hydrologic cycle or the H2O
cycle, describes the continuous
movement of water on, above
and below the surface of
the Earth. The mass water on
Earth remains fairly constant
over time but the partitioning
of the water into the major
reservoirs of ice, fresh water,
saline water and atmospheric
water is variable depending on
a wide range of climatic
variables. The water moves
from one reservoir to another,
such as from river to ocean, or
from the ocean to the
atmosphere, by the physical
processes of
evaporation, condensation, pre
cipitation, infiltration, runoff,
and subsurface flow. In so
7. First, water on the earth, in lakes, in
oceans and in the sea
is evaporated by the heat from
the Sun.
Excess water from plants is also
absorbed into the atmosphere, this
process is called transpiration.
Then, water collects as water
vapor in the sky. This makes clouds.
Next, the water in the clouds gets
cold. This makes it
become liquid again.
Then, the water falls from the sky as
rain, snow, sleet, or hail which is
called precipitation.
The water then collects
8. WATER RECYCLING HELPS IN
REPLENESHING THE GROUND
WATER.
IT HELPS IN MAINTAINING
THE WATER LEVEL ALL
OVER THE WORLD.
WATER RECYCLING HELPS IN
TRANSPORTATION OF
ERODED SEDIMENTS AND
PHOSPHORUS.
Both runoff and
groundwater flow play
significant roles in
transporting nitrogen
from the land to water
bodies.
9. Beijing to adopt tough water
conservation measures: BEIJING, Jan.
17 (Xinhua) -- Beijing will adopt tough
water management measures in the
next five years to ease acute water
shortages, according to local water
The measures include setting
authorities.
warning lines for the quantity of
water consumption, efficiency of
water use and water pollution
levels within the metropolitan
area. Local governments would
be punished if they missed the
targets, he said, adding it was
the first time that such measures
had been formulated.
The measures, which were still
being drafted by the municipal
government, will be
implemented during the first half
of 2011,
10. SOME METHODS USED IN
INDIA
By using nets strung across mountain passes,
or stretched on poles located in foggy areas,
gravity collects clean potable water for local
residents.
In deficit irrigation, the goal is to obtain
maximum crop water productivity rather than
maximum yield. By irrigating less than a crop’s
optimal full requirement, we might reduce
the yield by 10%, but save 50% of the water.
Incorporating soil moisture sensors into an
irrigation system is an important tool for water
conservation. It not only prevents over-watering,
but saves unnecessary pumping costs and helps
prevent leaching of fertilizers.
11. Rainwater harvesting is the
accumulation and deposition of
rainwater for reuse before it reaches
the aquifer. Uses include water for
garden, water for livestock, water for
irrigation, and indoor heating for
houses etc.. In many places the water
collected is just redirected to a deep
pit with percolation. The harvested
water can be used as drinking water as
well as for storage andprovides an
Rainwater harvesting other purpose
like irrigation. water supply during regional
independent
water restrictions and in developed
countries is often used to supplement the
main supply. It provides water when there
is a drought, prevents flooding of low-lying
areas, replenishes the ground water level,
and enables dug wells and bore wells to
yield in a sustained manner.
12. Watershed management is the study
of the relevant characteristics of a
watershed aimed at the sustainable
distribution of its resources and the
process of creating and implementing
plans, programs, and projects to
sustain and
enhance watershed functions that
affect the plant, animal,
and human communities within a
watershed boundary.
13. CAUSE OF THE
MOVEMENT
Narmada Bachao
Andolan (NBA) is a social
movement consisting
of adivasis, farmers,
environmentalists, and human
rights activists against a
number of large dams being
built across the Narmada river.
MOTIVE
THE MAIN MOTIVE BEHIND THE
NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN
MOVEMENT WAS TO STOP THE
LARGE NUMBER OF DAM
CONSTRUCTION AND THE
14. THE NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN MOVEMENT TOOK PLACE IN
THREE STATES -GUJARAT , MAHARSHTRA AND MADHYA PRADESH.
IT IS ESTIMATED THAT BILLIONS OF PEOPLE HAD FLED FROM THEIR
HOMES AND HAD JOINT THE MOVEMENT, INCLUDING FAMOUS FILM
STARS LIKE AAMIR KHAN.
15. THE LEADER OF NARMADA
MOVEMENT
MEDHA
PATKAR AND BABA
AMTE
16. The demonstrations, protests,
rallies, hunger strikes, blockades,
and written representations by
Narmada Bachao Andolan have all
made an impact on the direction of
the movement to stop the building
of large and small dams along the
Narmada. Media attention from
these events has taken the issues
from a local level to a more national
scale.
The NBA was an integral force in
forcing the World Bank to withdraw
its loan from the pr
objects by pressuring the Bank
with negative media attention.
17. Water and energy are closely
linked. The water industry is
energy-intensive, consuming
electricity for desalination,
pumping, and treatment of
wastewater. The energy
industry is also waterintensive, which is the focus
of this report. Water is used
for resource extraction (oil,
gas, coal, biomass etc.),
energy conversion (refining
and processing),
transportation and power
generation. Water, like
energy, is a commodity but
with very different
characteristics. Water is
almost always local where
18. Tidal power, also called tidal energy,
is a form of hydropower that
converts the energy of tides into
useful forms of power - mainly
electricity.
Tidal power has potential for
future electricity generation. Tides
are more predictable than wind
energy and solar power. Among
sources of renewable energy, tidal
power has traditionally suffered from
relatively high cost and limited
availability of sites with sufficiently
high tidal ranges or flow velocities,
thus constricting its total availability.
However, many recent technological
developments and improvements,
19. Hydro-power or water
power is power derived from the energy of
falling water and running water, which may
be harnessed for useful purposes. Kinetic
energy of flowing water (when it moves
from higher potential to lower potential)
rotates the blades/propellers of turbine,
which rotates the axle. The axle has a coil
which is placed between the magnets.
When the coils rotate in magnetic field it
induce them in the coil due to change in
flux. Hence, kinetic energy of flowing water
is converted to electrical energy.
Water's power is manifested in hydrology,
by the forces of water on the riverbed and
banks of a river. When a river is in flood, it
is at its most powerful, and moves the
greatest amount of sediment. This higher
force results in the removal of sediment
and other material from the riverbed and
20. Hard water is water that has
high mineral content.
Hard drinking water is generally
not harmful to one's
health,[1] but can pose serious
problems in industrial settings,
where water hardness is
monitored to avoid costly
breakdowns in boilers, cooling
towers, and other equipment
that handles water. In domestic
settings, hard water is often
indicated by a lack of suds
formation when soap is agitated
in water, and by the formation
of lime scale in kettles and water
heaters. Wherever water
hardness is a concern, water
softening is commonly used to
21. The water that lathers readily with
soaps are called soft water. It
describes type of water that contain
few or no minerals like calcium(Ca) or
magnesium(Mg) ions. The term is
usually relative to hard water, which
does contain significant amounts of
such ions.
Soft Water mostly comes from peat or
igneous rock sources, such as granite
but may also come from sandstone
sources, since such sedimentary rocks
are usually low in calcium and
magnesium.
However, soft water does have
negative side effects and can be bad
for the heart. Thus it should be drunk
22. Install a mechanical water softener that
replaces calcium and magnesium with sodium
if water source is hard. Mechanical water
softeners prevent lime scale, increase the
efficiency of heating our water, and lengthens
the life of our clothing and other items that we
regularly launder.
There are several water softeners on the market
that range in price, operating costs and
effectiveness. WE must test the treated water
Install a magnetic water conditioner that
before drinking it.
alters calcium Ions so they are unable to
cause lime scale.
23. HARD WATER
SOFT WATER
Hard water contains high amount of
calcium and magnesium.
Soft water contains high amount of
sodium.
Hard water is a good source of
calcium and magnesium in the body.
Hard water also reduces the solubility
of toxic metal ions.
Soft water is not harsh on the skin,
clothes, dishes, etc.
Hard water can leave the clothes
rough and worn out during washing;
hard water also makes it difficult to
take off dirt from the skin and leaves
a film on skin and dishes when
washing them. Build up of lime scale
and galvanic erosion are also
problems caused by hard water.
Soft water does not give off any
problems, though it is less beneficial
than hard water in consumption.
Softened water is also known to
emit lead from old pipes in the
supply system.
