The document provides an overview of the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) for project management. It discusses how the LFA establishes a framework to clearly connect all components of a project, including the goal, objectives, activities, results, and indicators. This leads to achievement of expected outcomes through a tight relationship between the different components. The LFA helps ensure all aspects of a proposal are logically aligned and interconnected.
2. Logical Framework Approach (LFA)
• An LFA is a management tool for effective planning and implementation of
developmental projects. It provides clear, concise and systematic information
about a project through a framework.
• LFA covers various components of a project such as goal, objectives, activities,
results and indicators. The LFA helps in connecting all these components in one
framework, presenting the tight relationship between them, leading to the
achievement of the expected outcomes.
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3. • Ensure that the logical framework is in line with other components of your
proposal
• The log frame should show a clear relationship between the various parts of
the project. The goal should be aligned to the objectives; the objectives to
the activities; the activities to the results; and the results to the indicators.
• Do not leave the LFA for the last. As you keep developing the proposal, try
filling it up.
• Always double-check your LFA after completing the full proposal
• Use large sheets or a board while discussing and developing the LFA and
then use the actual format to fill it up.
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4. Goal Ultimate objective; A project goal is a very general, high-level and long-term
objective of the project. The goal cannot be achieved by the project on its
own since there will be other forces like the Government, other agencies
etc. also working to achieve it. It is a major benchmark to compare work
between different projects.
Objective Objectives are the specific objectives the project works to achieve within
the stipulated time.
Activities or
input
Activities or inputs are actions undertaken by the project or
the organization to achieve the set objectives
Output Immediate result; Outputs are immediate results that we achieve soon
after the completion the project or any specific project activity.
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5. Outcome Results achieved in long term; The outcomes are results that have
been or that are to be achieved after a period of time, but not
immediate.
Impact Long term societal change; The impact is the longer-term result that
has happened because of the activities undertaken in the project.
Indicators Indicators are a measure of the result. They give a sense of what has
been or what is to be achieved.
Means of
verification
Data or information based on which the indicators will be measured
or monitored
Risk & assumptions External factors affecting the progress of the project
Cost Budgetary explanations
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6. Types of results
1. Quantitative results: the results which can be measured objectively
i. Increase in income
ii. Increase/change in production capacity
2. Qualitative results: the results of which can be measured but not objectively.
i. Increase in societal behavior
ii. Increase in skills
iii. Increase in awareness
iv. Increase in self esteem
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7. What is a Good Result?
• A Result should be SMART
S SPECIFIC
M MEASURABLE
A ACHIEVABLE
R REALISTIC
T TIME-BOUND
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8. Planning:
Process of setting goals
Developing the strategies
Outlining the implementation
Arrangement & allocation of resources
Monitoring &
evaluation:
Process of keeping a watch on the
progress of project
Process of obtaining regular feedback
on the progress being made towards
achieving their goals & objectives
Review
Analysis of Project’s deliverables
Evaluate the progress till date
Reporting
Implementation of Project
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9. What is Monitoring?
Monitoring is the continuous collection of data and information on specified indicators
to assess the implementation of a development intervention in relation to activity
schedules and expenditure of allocated funds, and progress and achievements in
relation to its intended outcome.
Monitoring involves following things:
• Monitoring day-to-day follow-up of activities during implementation to measure
progress and identify deviations
• Requires routine follow-up to ensure activities are proceeding as planned and are on
schedule
• Needs continuous assessment of activities and results
• Answers the question, “what are we doing?”
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10. Evaluation
Evaluation is the periodic assessment of the design implementation, outcome,
and impact of a development intervention. It should assess the relevance and
achievement of the intended outcome, and implementation performance in terms
of effectiveness and efficiency, and the nature, distribution, and sustainability of
impact.
• Evaluation is a systematic way of learning from experience to improve current
activities and promote better planning for future action
• designed specifically with the intention to attribute changes to the intervention
itself
• the question, “what have we achieved and what impact have we had?”
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11. Evaluation process
• Understand project, determine questions & issues, identify methodology, prepare TOR, prepare work
plan- Nature & scope of evaluation
Planning
• Gather data, prepare, analyze & formulate findings – gathering & analysis of data
Doing
• Identify major finding & make possible recommendations – proposals for action
Reporting
• Implement recommendation to modify interventions, remove barriers, inform future policy
interventions and show the way
Application
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12. Monitoring & Evaluation
What monitoring
Continuous review of
project progress
Why monitoring
Analyze current
situation
Identify issues &
solution
Keep project on time &
schedule
Measures progress
against output
Taking corrective action
When monitoring
Continuous at every
phase of cycle
How monitor
Field visit, records,
reports, interview, FGD
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14. Monitoring & Evaluation indicators
• Describe the material, financial, technological, and human resources
invested in a product, service or program
Input indicators
• Describe activities carried out to achieve the desired results of an
intervention; they show what is done & how well it is done
Process indicators
• Describe the immediate result of an intervention
Output indicators
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15. Method Purpose
Literature search Gather background information on methods and results of evaluation method
used by others.
Questionnaire/
Surveys
Interview or written questionnaires of a few randomly selected respondents.
Interviews To fully understand someone’s experience or behavior change after completion
of activity. Interview led to a detailed or genuine experience of respondents.
Documentation
review
Impression of how program operates without interrupting the program by
review of application, finances, memos, minutes etc.
Observation Inspection, field visit and observation to understand processes, infrastructure/
services and their utilization. Gather accurate information about how a program
actually operates particularly about processes.
Methods of Evaluation
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16. Focus groups A focus group brings together a representative group of 8 to 10 peoples from
similar background and asked a series of questionnaire related to the task at
hand. It is also used for analysis of specific, complex problems in order to
identify attitudes and priorities in sample groups.
Case studies In-depth review of small number of selected cases to fully understand or
depict beneficiaries experiences in a program and conduct comprehensive
examination through comparison of cases.
Key informant
interviews
Interviews with persons who are knowledgeable about the community
targeted by the project.
Direct
measurement
Registration of quantifiable or classifiable data by means of an analytical
Instrument.
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17. Monitoring & Evaluation report
Executive summary
Brief terms of
reference
Main findings
Conclusion &
recommendati
on
Lessons learnt
Introduction
Project
description
Purpose of
evaluation
Who
requested for
the evaluation
Terms of reference
Outline of
main tasks
Duration of
assignment
submission of
draft & final
report
The M & E team
Names of
team members
Qualification
& experience
Roles to be
played
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18. Methodology
used
How M&E was
carried out – methods
& justifications
Period to be taken
for each
methodology
chosen
Limitations of
the
methodology
used
How problems
was solved &
authenticity of
the report
Main findings List findings
Collate &
process data
Analyze &
interpret
findings
Conclusion &
recommendatio
n
Major
conclusion &
justification
Recommendation to
improve the future
projects
Lesson learnt
Learning
experience
What worked well & what didn’t
worked well
Annexes Detailed terms
of reference
Brief resumes for
team members
Photos of sample
products / outcomes
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