Building services engineers are responsible for designing, installing, and monitoring mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems in modern buildings to ensure safe and comfortable operation. This includes systems like HVAC, electrical power distribution, lighting, plumbing, fire alarms and more. Engineers must consider factors like building codes and regulations, load calculations, transformer and generator sizing when designing these complex building systems. Proper lighting design also requires considering illumination levels, fixture types and lighting controls.

1. Building Services Engineering
by Manoj Mawle

2. Building Services
Its a need for any structure to keep healthy
environment effect on inside and outside of
structure.
Building services engineers are responsible for the
design, installation, operation and monitoring of
the mechanical, electrical and public health
systems required for the safe, comfortable and
environmentally friendly operation of modern
buildings.

3. Type of Structures
• Residential (Township)
• Commercial
• Hotel
• Hospital
• Airport, Railways
• Mixed Development
• Arenas
• Malls
• School, Colleges & Universities
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4. Necessity of Building Services
Can you imagine a building without MEP services?
Mechanical
Electrical
Public Health Services

5. Project Procedure
• Understanding Project Requirement
• Conceptual planning, Designing
• Project Planning
• Budgeting, Costing & Estimation
• Contracts
• Project Execution
• Testing & Commissioning
• Billing
• Project Closure
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6. Specifications & Regulations
• National Building Code (NBC-India)
• Development Controlled Regulations (DCR-Mumbai)
• IS Code
• British Standard
• National Fire Protection Association(NFPA-70) or National
Electrical Code(NEC)-USA
• National Electrical Manufacturing Association (NEMA-USA)
• Central Power Research Institute (CPRI-Bangalore)
• Electrical Research and Development Association (ERDA-Vadodara)
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7. Building Services-Electrical
• Power Sub Station
• HT Panel
• LT Panel, MDB, DB(PDB/LDB)
• Power & Control Cabling
• Small Power
• Emergency Power Supply-DG/UPS
• Lighting system
• Earthing System
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8. Extra Low Voltage Services
• CCTV
• Telephone
• Fire Alarm System
• Public Address System
• Access Control System
• Lighting Control System
• Server & Data System

9. Type of Drawings
• Single line diagram(SLD)
• Schematics
• Wiring diagram
• Control layout
• Section Drawing
• Co-ordination layout

10. Power Sub Station
• Load Calculations
• Transformer Type-Dry/Oil
• HT/LT panels
• Cable Sizing
• MSEB Norms
Load
Voltage Level Rural Municipal
240/415V up to 100 KVA up to 187 KVA
11/22KV 100-1500 KVA 187-1500 KVA
22KV 1500-3000 KVA 1500-3000 KVA
33KV 1500-5000 KVA 1500-5000 KVA
132/220KV 5000+ KVA 5000+ KVA
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11. Load Calculations
ELECTRICAL LOAD CALCULATIONS (A Type 2BHK UNIT)
Unit load of a flat
Type of load Per flat Qty UoM KW/Unit Unit
Total
Connected
Load
Unit
Diversity
factor
Maximum
Demand
Unit
Lights 9 Nos 0.06 KW 0.54 KW 66% 0.36 KW
Ceiling / Exhaust Fans 4 Nos 0.08 KW 0.32 KW 66% 0.21 KW
5 amp Sockets 6 Nos 0.1 KW 0.6 KW 50% 0.30 KW
15 amp for Refrigerator 1 Nos 0.425 KW 0.425 KW 66% 0.28 KW
6A Mixer/Iron etc 3 Nos 1 KW 3 KW 50% 1.50 KW
Air conditioner 0 Nos 2 KW 0 KW 50% 0.00 KW
Geysers 1 Nos 2 KW 2 KW 50% 1.00 KW
3.65 KW
Say 4.00 KW
Unit load of a Block
Number of units 60 units
Unit load 4.00 KW
Total Load 240 KW
Common Loads
Elevators 2 nos 7 KW 14 KW
Common Lighting 1 KW
Total Load of building 255 KW
Considering Group
Diversity factor
70% 179 KW
Considering Power
factor
0.85 210 KVA
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12. Power Flow Diagram
HT Panel
PDB LDB
Distribution Xmer SMDB
LT Panel/DG Panel MDB
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DG Set

13. Transformer
Selection of Transformer
• Total Load
• Dry or liquid(oil) filled
• Indoor/Outdoor
• Star/Delta Type( Vector Group)
• Impedance/PF/Efficiency/Voltage Level
• Mounting-Pole/Base

14. Transformer Calculations
Transformer sizing
Total Connected load = 185.85 kW
Max. demand = 185.85 x 0.9(load factor)
= 167.27
Transformer Cap. = 167.27/(pf x eff )
=167.27/(0.85x0.85)
=231.51 kVA
Considering 85% loading of Xmer = 231.51/0.8
=271.36 kVA
Nearest available higher capacity 315 kVA

15. Diesel Generator(DG Set)
A. Categorize into
1. Continues load
2. Non continues load
3. Intermediate load
B. Selection Consideration

16. Diesel Generator
• Selection Consideration
• Capacity Combination
• Load pattern & DG set capacity-Overlaod
a) 10% overload for 1hour of every 12 hours
b) 50% overload for 15 seconds.
Technical Comparison for DG set
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17. Wires
• Wire-It’s a single conductor, could be stranded
but not insulated between conductor
• Wire Types- Single, Stranded, Braided
• Wires insulation FR (Fire Retardant)
FR-LSH ( Fire Resistant Low Smoke)
FRZH (Fire Retardant Zero Halogen)
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18. Cable
• Cable- insulated conductor, could be single,
multiple conductor
• Types- Power Cable- PVC/XLPE-Armoured/
Unarmoured
• Twisted Pair Cable-Telephone/Network
• Two pair/Multi pair-
• Fiber optics- Data/Communication
• RG cable-for CCTV
• Co-axial Cable- TV
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19. Lighting
• Type of lighting
• Illumination
• Lux Level
• Types of Light fixtures
• Lighting Control
• Emergency Lighting
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20. Type of lighting
• Natural light
• Indoor Lighting
• Outdoor lighting
• Task Lighting
• Façade lighting
• Direct/Indirect Lighting
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21. Illumination
• Illuminance is a measure of how
much luminous flux is spread over a given
area. One can think of luminous flux
(measured in lumens) as a measure of the
total "amount" of visible light present, and the
illuminance as a measure of the intensity of
illumination on a surface
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22. Lux Level
• The lux (symbol: lx) is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous
emittance, measuring luminous flux per unit area. It is equal
to one lumen per square metre.
• Lux Level
Moonless Sky/Dark overcast night- 0.001 Lux
Moonless clear night sky – 0.002 Lux
Full moon – 0.27-1 Lux
Street Light – 39 Lux (Avg)
Living room – 250 Lux
Office – 350-400 Lux
Day light/Sun light – 10000-25000 Lux
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23. Light Fixture
• Luminaire = Lighting fixture
– Lamps
– Lamp sockets
– Ballasts
– Reflective material
– Lenses, refractors, louvers
– Housing
• Mounting- Ceiling, Recessed, Surface, Flush,
Concealed
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24. Fixture Types
• Incandescent
• Fluorescent
• CFL(Compact Fluorescent Light)
• Light Emitting Diode
• High Intensity Discharge
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25. Types of Lighting Controls
– Occupancy Sensors
– Bi-level Switching
– Time Clock
– Photo Sensors
– Dimmers
– Lighting Control Systems
– Building Management Systems
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26. Color Temperature (K˚)
• A measure of the “warmth” or “coolness” of a light source.
– ≤ 3200K = “warm” or red side of spectrum
– ≥ 4000K = “cool” or blue side of spectrum
– 3500K = “neutral”
– 5000K = “Daylight”
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27. Thank You
Manoj Mawle
manojmawle@gmail.com
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