My Cisco Training Courses @ MFT.Info in this chapter I focused on Routing protocols in CCNA Technologies , consider that this info has been presented @ Workshop Teaching , So if you wanna know more about this scenarios feedback me to give you LAB Scenarios, good luck.

2. Connection Methods
Back to Back
is a Design Digital
Content & Contents
mall developed by
Guild Design Inc.
Connection
Methods
Different
Geography
is a Design Digital
Content & Contents
mall developed by
Guild Design Inc.
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

3. Back to Back Method
Configurations:
one Router act as DTE and another one act as a DCE.
first of all use Router#show Running-Config to see what the serial
port full name? if serial port doesn’t exist you must add it physically.
if exist follow these steps:
 Router(config)#interface serial0/0/0
 Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
 Router(config-if)#BandWidth 64 (Mbps ; too important in routing protocols)
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

4. In a different Geography
 This is Done by CSU/DSU Modem , when we are using
communication infrastructure in a country this device configure
parameters automatically for the best connectivity, so CSU/DSU
modem is the best solution for this scenario.
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

5. LOGO
Routing
Fundamentals
Routing Algorithms
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

6. An introduction to Routing
Connected
scenario
In this scenario router
connected to the
destination directly via
own interfaces.
Routing
Theory
Learned
scenario
in this scenario router
didn’t connected
directly to the
destination but can
learn destination via
other routers nearby.
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

7. Learned VS Connected
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

8. An introduction to Routing
Static
Routing
As an administrator of
network you know all
details about the
infrastructure of
network.
You Teach to the
router how to route!
Routing
Methods
Dynamic
Routing
In this scenario
Learning Process is
are Automatically Done
bye Router
Router Learn Routes
from neighbors
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

9. Static Routing Example
Tehran Institute of Technology
 Stub network is a Local Network
 Network address of stub network is different
from destination , so simple ping command
will fail intentionally.
 Stub network packets has only one way
(just one gateway) to access Internet
 Left network has internet access
 Router A act as a Gateway to respond
requests from Stub Network
 Network address of this network is different
from B network , So ping command will fail
intentionally via one host on network A.
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

10. Static Routing Example
Tehran Institute of Technology
The host want to access to
www.google.com
The respond for host request is
not here! , not found on this
network !!
So the request
must get out
here to find
answer
The solution is redirect all traffic from stub
network to outside
Via Router B , Interface: 172.16.2.1
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

11. Static Routing Example
Tehran Institute of Technology
Geography Connection between Routers Via “Serial
Interface” , so redirected traffic will flow @ this line and will
accepted by Router A via interface: 172.16.2.2
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

12. Static Routing Example
Tehran Institute of Technology
So we need to configure a static route right over here!
to tell this router, forward the packets to 172.16.2.1 if
the packet’s destination was Stub Network.
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

13. Static Routing Example
Tehran Institute of Technology
What the Configuration on Router B?
Default Route
The answer to this question require a new
Topic Called. . .
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

14. Default Route
 What the purpose of this tiny program?
» For (i=0 ; i<9 ; i++)
» If num[i] == 0
» Cout<< “action Acknowledged!”;
» Else Cout << “action not acknowledged!”;
When the code visits “0” an action will be performed, else it can
not be Done! So the default route acts as same as this code!
If the host packets destination
don’t match the local address:
172.16.1.0 , it will be forwarded
out of the network Via Router B ,
interface: 172.16.2.1
if requests on this network don’t match
the 172.16.1.0 Network Address
Default Route Acknowledged
else
Default Route not Acknowledged
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

15. Static Route VS Default Route
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

16. CCNA Lab
Purpose: Ping 172.16.64.2/18 from 172.168.128.3/18 and get reply message!
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

17. Static Route Configurations
IP Route Command Parameters
 Network: nonlocal network that we want to specify a route to.
 Mask: Netmask of nonlocal network
 Address | Interface: IP address of neighbor Router (@ Point – to -
Point)
– We can use interface name instead of interface IP Address.
 Distance: Default value is 1 (Administrative Distance)
 Permanent: static route entry will not shown on routing table if router
suddenly disconnected, so if you want to show this static route on the
table use this switch!
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

18. Problem Solution
First Step:
Define a Route to 172.16.128.0 /18 Via 172.16.63.254 /18
A(config)#Ip route 172.16.128.0 255.255.192.0 172.16.63.254
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

19. Problem Solution
Second Step (Default Route) : Access all networks connected to Router “A”
B(config)#Ip Route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.0.1
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

20. Problem Solution
Test Results using command (A):
» A#show ip route
» Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
» D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
» N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
» E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
» i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
» * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
» P - periodic downloaded static route
» Gateway of last resort is not set
» 172.16.0.0/18 is subnetted, 3 subnets
» C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
» C 172.16.64.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
» S 172.16.128.0 [1/0] via 172.16.63.254
» A#
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

21. Problem Solution
Test Results using command (B):
» Router#show ip route
» Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
» D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
» N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
» E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
» i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
» * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
» P - periodic downloaded static route
» Gateway of last resort is 172.16.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0
» 172.16.0.0/18 is subnetted, 2 subnets
» C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
» C 172.16.128.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
» S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.16.0.1
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

22. Autonomous System
 The classic definition of an Autonomous System is a set of routers under a single
technical administration, using an interior gateway protocol (IGP) and common
metrics to determine how to route packets within the AS, and using an inter-AS
routing protocol to determine how to route packets to other Ases.
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

23. Universal Categories for Protocols
IGPs
Interior Gateway
Protocols
All Protocols inside an
Autonomous System.
Routing
Protocol
Types
EGPs
Exterior Gateway
Protocols
All Protocols Between
Autonomous System.
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

24. Administrative Distance (Ranking Routes)
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014
Tehran Institute of Technology

25. Administrative Distance (Ranking Routes)
The answer for this question is based on Default Administrative Distance
Minimum Value will considered as a best Route!
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014
Tehran Institute of Technology

26. Administrative Distance (Ranking Routes)
Based on AD Table Router will choose this Route
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014
Tehran Institute of Technology

27. IGP & EGP Summary
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

28. Dynamic
Routing
Protocols
Link
State
Distance
Vector
Hybrid
Routing
Dynamic Routing Protocols
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014
Tehran Institute of Technology

29. Distance Vector
 Routers using distance-vector protocol do not have knowledge of
the entire path to a destination. Instead they use two methods:
1. Direction in which router or exit interface a packet should be forwarded.
2. Distance from its destination
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014
Tehran Institute of Technology

30. Link State
A complex routing protocol that shares information with other routers in order to determine the best
path. IS-IS was the first comprehensive link state protocol, and OSPF and NLSP evolved from it. Link
state protocols use characteristics of the route such as speed and cost as well as current congestion
to determine the best path, which is typically computed by the Dijkstra algorithm.
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

31. Distance Vector VS Link State
Distance Vector Link StateVS
 Tell my neighbors who I
know about
 How far they are
 Use shortest route
 Tell everyone who my
neighbors are
 Build Map – Graph
 Use Graph algorithms
to route
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014
Tehran Institute of Technology

32. Hybrid Routing
 Has both characteristics of Distance Vector and link state Vector
Tehran Institute of Technology
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014

33. Routing Infrastructure
RIP
IGRP OSPF
Text
Static
Algorithms
Routing Infrastructure
Link
State
Course name: Cisco CCNA
Instructor: Mansour.nch
Senior @ Tehran Institute of Technology
Copyright 2014
Tehran Institute of Technology
EIGRP
Distance
Vector
Default

34. LOGO
Tehran Institute of Technology
www.Win2Farsi.com