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2. What is Grout???
GROUT is a mixture of water, cement
and other material like sand, admixtures,
expansion agents as well as pozzolans. The
ratio of water and cement should be
around 0.5. Fine sand is best to avoid
segregation.

3. Categories of Grout
Suspension Grout: It is a mixture of one or
several inert materials like cement, clays etc
suspended in a fluid i.e water. Suspension grout
is a mixture of pure cement with water.
Liquid grout or Solution Grout: It consists of
chemical products in a solution or an emulsion
form and their reagents. The most frequently
used products are sodium silicate and certain
resins.

4. Properties of Grout
Fluidity
Minimum bleeding and segregation
Low shrinkage
Adequate strength after hardening
No detrimental compounds
Durable
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5. Specification for Grout
The sand should pass 150 µm IS sieve
The compressive strength of 100 mm cubes of the
grout shall not be less than 17 N/mm² at 7 days
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6. Types of Grout
Cement-based Grouts:
Cement-based grouts are the most frequently
used in both water stopping and strengthening
treatment. They are characterized by their
water cement ratio and their Total Dry Matter /
Water weight ratio.
Stability and fluidity according to the dosage of
the various components and their quality
Unconfined compressive strength linked to
water cement ratio

7. Pure cement grout
 It is an unstable grout. However, bleeding can
be avoided with water cement ratio less than
0.67.
Usual mix proportions are from water cement
ratio 0.4 to 1 for grouting. Very high mechanical
strength can be attained with this type of grout.
During grouting, cement grains deposit in
inter-granular voids or fissures is analogous to a
kind of hydraulic filling.
The grout usually undergoes a significant
filtration effect. The grain fineness is an
important factor for fine fissures.

8. Silicate based grouts
Slicates based grouts are sodium silicate in liquid form
diluted and containing a reagent.
They are used in soils with low permeability values such
that all suspension grouts cannot penetrate. According to
the type of grout used, the gel obtained will be water
Bentonite cement grout
Obtain a homogeneous colloidal mix with a wide
range of viscosity.
Avoid cement sedimentation during grouting.
 Decrease the setting time index and separation
filtering processes.

9. Grout Mixer
Many types of grout mixers have been used,
including hand-turned dough mixers, concrete
mixers of various sizes, and especially designed
grout mixers.
Two mixers can be arranged to discharge into
the same sump to satisfy high capacity
requirements. Manual stirring of cement and
clay grouts in a tub is not satisfactory except in
emergencies. Hand-powered dough mixers are
not recommended because of their limited
capacity.

10. Hose:
Flexible hose is most commonly used for suction and
discharge lines. A short length of hose should be provided at
the pump discharge and at the connection to the grout
header.
Piping:
Black steel pipe and fittings 1-1/2 in. in diameter are normally
suitable for pressure lines.
Grout Header:
The grout header is usually assembled as a unit in order—
that it may be moved from one grout hole to another.
Pressure Gages:
Reliable pressure gages are essential in pressure grouting.
Grout Mixer Includes

11. What is Grouting???
Grouting is a process of placing concrete as a
material into cavities to increase load bearing
capacity of a structure, reinstating the
monolithic nature of a structural member,
filling gaps and voids around pre cast
connections steel base plates and provides fire
stops, leakages, placing adhesives and soil
stabilization.

12. Types of Grouting Material
Chemical grouting
Cementitious grouting
Epoxy grouting
Polyesters
Silicones

13. Benefits of Grouting
Increase the cement binding time.
Improve the penetration in compact type soils
Obtain a wide range of mechanical strength values.
In water stopping, grout will include a lot of
bentonite and little cement. In consolidation
works, grout will contain a lot of cement and little
bentonite. Ideal mixes should be both stable and
easy to pump.
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14. Procedure of Grouting
A 1:2 cement-sand grout with a water-cement ratio
between 0.6 and 0.8 is prepared using a mechanical
mixer.
The mixture is then sent down under pressure (of
about 120kg/cm²) through a 30-50 mm diameter pipe
terminating into steel cages.
As the grouting proceeds the pipe is raised gradually
upto a height of not more than 60 cm.
After grouting the whole area for a height of about 60
cm , the same operation is repeated, if necessary , for
the next layer of 60cm and so on.
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