Special education

1. TEACHING STRATEGIES AND
METHODOLOGIES FOR
TEACHING & LEARNING

2. Teaching Method
 The term Teaching method refers to the general
principles, pedagogy and management strategies
used for classroom instruction. Your method
depends on what are your goals, your individual
style and your school’s vision.

3. Teacher-Centered vs. Student-Centered
Learning
Teacher-Centered Student-Centered
 Teachers are the main
authority figure
 Students are viewed as
“empty vessels”
 End goal is testing and
assessment
 Primary role of teachers is
to pass knowledge to
students
 Student learning is
measured through
objectively scored tests
 Teachers and students
play an equally active role
in the learning process
 Teachers are coaches and
facilitator of learning
 Student learning is
measured through
authentic assessments
using summative and
formative tools

4. 3 Main
Teaching
Styles
Direct
Instruction
Inquiry-
based
learning
Cooperative
Learning
Educational Pedagogy: 3 Teaching Styles

5. Direct Instruction
 traditional teaching strategy
 teachers and professors are the sole supplier of
knowledge and information
 explicit teaching through lectures and teacher-led
demonstrations
 effective in teaching basic and fundamental skills
across all content areas.

6. Inquiry-based learning
 focuses on student investigation and hands-on
learning
 teacher’s primary role is that of a facilitator
 students play an active and participatory role in their
own learning process

7. Cooperative Learning
 emphasizes group work and a strong sense of
community
 learners are placed in responsibility of their learning
and development
 focuses on the belief that students learn best when
working with and learning from their peers

8. Traditional Teaching Strategies
 Lecturing
 Discussion
 Questioning
 Using audio-visuals

9. Activity based strategies
 Cooperative learning
Simulations
Problem based learning
Self-learning modules

10. Computer teaching strategies
Computer-assisted instructions
Internet
Virtual reality
Distance learning
Interactive television
Classes via internet

11. I. TRADITIONAL
1 Lecturing
2. Discussion
3. Questioning
4. Using Audio-visual

13. DISCUSSIONS

14. TYPES OF DISCUSSIONS
1. FORMAL DISCUSSIONS
 Announced topic
 Reading, watching movie – done in
advance
2. INFORMAL DISCUSSIONS
 Spontaneous

15. PURPOSES &
ADVANTAGES
1. Learns problem solving method
(groups)
2. Opportunity to apply principles,
concepts & theories
3. Clarifies information & concepts
4. Assists to evaluate beliefs/positions
(professional, societal or ethical
issues)
> change in attitudes & values

16. DISADVANTAGES
1. Takes a lot of time
2. One person/few participants
(monopolies)
3. Gathering of uninformed opinions

17. DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES
1. Make expectations clear.
 ‘Students know exactly what they
have to do for discussion’ Ex.
Chapter to read, watch a video
2. Set ground rules.
> Limitations (e.g. time, no. of
speakers, interruptions during
speech)

18. 3. Arrange physical space.
Circle sitting arrangement
4. Plan a discussion starter.
Ask participants to come up with opening
questions
Study questions – handed out prior to
meeting

19. 5. Facilitate, do not discuss.
Refrain from talking. Watch group
progress. Keep everyone engage in
discussions.
6. Encourage quiet members to
participate.
Make eye contact and smile.
Give direct, simple questions: “Mary, what
do you think?”

20. 7. Don’t allow monopolies.
Eye contact.
Be blunt when needed.. “We’ve been
hearing a lot fro Sarah. Now, let us hear of
the rest of you think.”
8. Direct the discussion among group
members.
> Leaders facilitate.

21. 9. Keep the discussion on track.
“We seem to have strayed a little fro
our topic. Let’s pick up on the last
topic that Lot was talking about.”
10. Clarify when confusion reigns.
> Recording may help the group. Let
them learn the act of clear self-
expression.

22. 11. Tolerate some silence. Silence
gives everyone a chance to think.
12. Summarize when appropriate.

23. II. ACTIVITY BASED TEACHING
STRATEGIES
1. Cooperative learning
2. Simulations
3. Problem based learning
4. Self-learning modules

24. COOPERATIVE LEARNING
Small groups of learners can work
together toward achieving shared
learning goal
Learners are aware that they are
responsible not only for their own
learning but also for that of the
others in the group.

25. ADVANTAGES OF COOPERATIVE
LEARNING
Promotes critical thinking
Enhances social skill
Helps address learning needs & learning
styles
Members learn to function as a team.

26. DISADVANTAGES OF COOPERATIVE
LEARNING
> Does not cover all content/ topics in
syllabus

27. ROLE PLAYING
Form of drama – spontaneous acting out of
roles (interaction)
Lasts for 3 to 5 minutes (illustrates one
aspect of human relationship)
Expression of non-verbal and verbal
behavior, response patterns and
implementation of principles

28. III. COMPUTER-AIDED INSTRUCTIONS

29. Computer Aided Instruction
1. Drill and Practice
 Recognition and application of information
2. Tutorials
 Useful teaching material at the rule/concept
level
 Forces teachers from learning some basic
material

30. 3. Games
Game mode can teach and practice
routine
4. Simulation
Provides off real world experiences
Provides chances to learn how to solve
clinical problems

31. 5. Multimedia presentations
 may include creating MS PPT presentations,
Word and EXCEL file.

32. Resources
 http://teach.com/what/teachers-teach/teaching-
methods
 Teaching Styles and Strategies by