1. COMPARISONCOMPARISON

2. • Comparatives are used to show the
difference between two objects.
A monkey is bigger than a fly.
I think that she’s more intelligent than him.
• Superlatives are used to show the
difference between more than two
objects.
This elephant is the biggest animal in the
zoo.
I think that she’s the most intelligent
student in the class.

3. ADJECTIVESADJECTIVES

4. SOME RULES ABOUT FORMING
COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
• One - syllable adjectives generally form the
comparative by adding -er and the superlative by
adding -est, e.g.:
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Soft Softer The softest
Cheap Cheaper The cheapest
Sweet Sweeter The sweetest
Thin Thinner The thinnest

5. SPELLING RULES
• If a one syllable adjective ends in a single vowel
letter followed by a single consonant letter, the
consonant letter is doubled, e.g.:
thin thi→ nner
big bi→ ggest
• If an adjective ends in -e, this is removed when
adding -er/-est, e.g.:
wide wid→ er/widest
• If an adjective ends in a consonant followed by -y,
-y is replaced by -i when adding -er/-est, e.g.:
dry dr→ ier/driest

6. TWO -SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES
• two syllable adjectives which end in -y usually form the
comparative by adding -er and the superlative by adding -est,
(note the change of -y to -i in the comparative/superlative) e.g.:
Adjective Comparative superlative
Lucky luckier The luckiest
Pretty Prettier The prettiest
Tidy Tidier The tidiest

7. TWO SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES
• two syllable adjectives ending in -ed, -ing,
-ful, or -less always form the comparative
with more and the superlative with the most,
e.g.:
Adjective Comparative superlative
Worried More worried The most worried
Boring More boring The most boring
Careful More careful The most careful
Useless More useless The most useless

8. THREE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES
• Adjectives which have three or more syllables always form the
comparative and superlative with MORE and THE MOST, e.g.:
• The only exceptions are some three syllable adjectives which have
been formed by adding the prefix -un to another adjective,
especially those formed from an adjective ending in -y. These
adjectives can form comparatives and superlatives by using
more/most or adding -er/-est, e.g.:
unhappy – unhappier – the unhappiest/ the most unhappy
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Dangerous More dangerous The most dangerous
Difficult More difficult The most difficult

9. IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Good Better The best
Bad Worse The worst
Far Farther/further The
farthest/furthest

10. ADVERBSADVERBS

11. 1) USE: Adverbs are used to express how something is
done (adjectives express how someone or something is).
The dog sleeps quietly. The dog is absolutely quiet.
ADVERB ADJECTIVE
2) TYPES:
- MANNER: to say how something happens or how
something is done: The children were playing happily
- PLACE: to say where something happens: I saw him there.
- TIME: to say when or how often something happens:
They usually go to work by bus.
- PROBABILITY: to show how certain we are about
something: Perhaps the weather will be fine.

12. 3) FORM:
- Adverbs of manner are usually formed from adjectives by
adding –ly: bad > badly recent > recently
but: easy > easily; gentle > gently
If an adjective ends in –ly we use in a …. way :
silly > He behaved in a silly way.
A few adverbs of manner have the same form as
the adjective:They all worked hard. / She usually arrives late.

13. - COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE FORMS

14. - COMPARATIVE ADVERBS:
I forget things more often nowadays.
She began to speak more quickly.
They are working harder now.
- SUPERLATIVE ADVERBS:
His ankles hurt badly, but his knees hurt worst.
It rains most often at the beginning of the year.