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Programa Nacional en Sistema de Calidad y Ambiente
TALLER 2
Alumno:
María Rivas CI.: 25546373
Sección: SC4100
Barquisimeto, 2021
𝑑𝑥
Ejercicios 1.2.1
18. 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒚
=𝒆−𝒚
. 𝒆−𝟐𝒙−𝒚
𝒅𝒙
Solución:
Verificamos si la ecuación diferencial es de variable separable si se cumple:
f(y) dy =g(x) dx ; H(x,y) = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑦)
Ahora despejamos: 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑦 =𝑒−𝑦 . 𝑒−2𝑥−𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥 dy = (𝑒−𝑦 . 𝑒−2𝑥−𝑦 );
dy
e−2x−y
=
dx
ex
Así la ecuación diferencial 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑦 =𝑒−𝑦 . 𝑒−2𝑥−𝑦 es de variables separables.
𝑑𝑥
26. xy’+ (1+x)y = 𝒆−𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙
Solución:
Veamos que la ecuación xy’+ (1+x)y = 𝑒−𝑥 sin 2𝑥 se puede expresar en la forma
estándar
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
Sabemos que y’=𝑑𝑦 entonces;
x 𝑑𝑦 + (1+x)y = 𝑒−𝑥 sin 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Dividimos entre x a ambos lados de: x 𝑑𝑦 + (1+x)y = 𝑒−𝑥 sin 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Así obtenemos: 𝑑𝑦 + (1+𝑥)𝑦 = ( 𝑒𝑥 . sin 2𝑥) /x
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Entonces
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) donde ; 𝑃(𝑥):
(1+𝑥)
; y 𝑓(𝑥): ( 𝑒𝑥 . sin 2𝑥)/x
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Así la ecuación diferencial 26.- xy’+ (1+x) y = 𝑒−𝑥 sin 2𝑥 es lineal.
8.- (y2+yx) dx- x2 dy=0
Solución:
Utilizamos la definición 𝑀(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) = t 𝛼1 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) y 𝑁(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) = 𝑡 𝛼2 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝛼1 = 𝛼2
Verificamos que M(x, y) = y2+yx y N(x, y) = x2
Son homogéneas del mismo grado si:
𝑀(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) = (ty)2+(ty). (tx) ;
= t2y2+ t2 yx
=t2 (y2+yx)
=t2 M(x, y) 𝛼1=2
𝑁(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) =(tx)2
= t2x2
=t2 N(x, y) 𝛼2= 2
Así tenemos que 𝛼1 = 𝛼2 , M(x, y) y N(x, y) son homogéneas del mismo grado. Por
lo tanto la ecuación diferencial es homogénea.
11.- (y3- y2 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙) –x) dx + (3xy2 +2y𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙) dy = 0Solución:
En la ecuación diferencial (y3- y2 sin(𝑥) –x) dx + (3xy2 +2ycos(𝑥) dy
M(x, y) = (y3- y2 sin(𝑥) –x) y N(x, y) = (3xy2 +2ycos(𝑥)
Derivando M con respecto a y y a N con respecto a x. Se tiene que:
𝜕/ 𝜕𝑦 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = y3 – y2 sin 𝑥 -x = 3y2-2y sin 𝑥
𝜕/ 𝜕𝑥 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)= 3xy2+ 2ycos 𝑥 = 3y2-2y sin 𝑥
Como 𝜕/ 𝜕𝑦 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝜕 /𝜕𝑥 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)
Por lo tanto (y3- y2 sin(𝑥) –x) dx + (3xy2 +2ycos(𝑥) dy = 0 es una ecuación exacta.
Taller 2

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Taller 2

  • 1. Programa Nacional en Sistema de Calidad y Ambiente TALLER 2 Alumno: María Rivas CI.: 25546373 Sección: SC4100 Barquisimeto, 2021
  • 2. 𝑑𝑥 Ejercicios 1.2.1 18. 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒚 =𝒆−𝒚 . 𝒆−𝟐𝒙−𝒚 𝒅𝒙 Solución: Verificamos si la ecuación diferencial es de variable separable si se cumple: f(y) dy =g(x) dx ; H(x,y) = 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑦) Ahora despejamos: 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑦 =𝑒−𝑦 . 𝑒−2𝑥−𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑒𝑥 dy = (𝑒−𝑦 . 𝑒−2𝑥−𝑦 ); dy e−2x−y = dx ex Así la ecuación diferencial 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑦 =𝑒−𝑦 . 𝑒−2𝑥−𝑦 es de variables separables. 𝑑𝑥 26. xy’+ (1+x)y = 𝒆−𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒙 Solución: Veamos que la ecuación xy’+ (1+x)y = 𝑒−𝑥 sin 2𝑥 se puede expresar en la forma estándar 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) Sabemos que y’=𝑑𝑦 entonces; x 𝑑𝑦 + (1+x)y = 𝑒−𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Dividimos entre x a ambos lados de: x 𝑑𝑦 + (1+x)y = 𝑒−𝑥 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Así obtenemos: 𝑑𝑦 + (1+𝑥)𝑦 = ( 𝑒𝑥 . sin 2𝑥) /x 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 Entonces 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) donde ; 𝑃(𝑥): (1+𝑥) ; y 𝑓(𝑥): ( 𝑒𝑥 . sin 2𝑥)/x 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 Así la ecuación diferencial 26.- xy’+ (1+x) y = 𝑒−𝑥 sin 2𝑥 es lineal.
  • 3. 8.- (y2+yx) dx- x2 dy=0 Solución: Utilizamos la definición 𝑀(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) = t 𝛼1 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) y 𝑁(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) = 𝑡 𝛼2 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝛼1 = 𝛼2 Verificamos que M(x, y) = y2+yx y N(x, y) = x2 Son homogéneas del mismo grado si: 𝑀(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) = (ty)2+(ty). (tx) ; = t2y2+ t2 yx =t2 (y2+yx) =t2 M(x, y) 𝛼1=2 𝑁(𝑡𝑥, 𝑡𝑦) =(tx)2 = t2x2 =t2 N(x, y) 𝛼2= 2 Así tenemos que 𝛼1 = 𝛼2 , M(x, y) y N(x, y) son homogéneas del mismo grado. Por lo tanto la ecuación diferencial es homogénea. 11.- (y3- y2 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙) –x) dx + (3xy2 +2y𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙) dy = 0Solución: En la ecuación diferencial (y3- y2 sin(𝑥) –x) dx + (3xy2 +2ycos(𝑥) dy M(x, y) = (y3- y2 sin(𝑥) –x) y N(x, y) = (3xy2 +2ycos(𝑥) Derivando M con respecto a y y a N con respecto a x. Se tiene que: 𝜕/ 𝜕𝑦 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = y3 – y2 sin 𝑥 -x = 3y2-2y sin 𝑥 𝜕/ 𝜕𝑥 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)= 3xy2+ 2ycos 𝑥 = 3y2-2y sin 𝑥 Como 𝜕/ 𝜕𝑦 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝜕 /𝜕𝑥 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) Por lo tanto (y3- y2 sin(𝑥) –x) dx + (3xy2 +2ycos(𝑥) dy = 0 es una ecuación exacta.