Walkability – or the ability to conveniently, safely, comfortably, and pleasurably walk to everyday needs and amenities – has been increasingly tied to increased health, broadly defined to include not just physical and mental health, but also social, community, environmental and even fiscal health. While the US and other Western countries have begun to make strides to increase walkability and promote healthy placemaking, China continues to push forward car-centric urbanization and along with it rising rates of obesity, diabetes, cancer, and air pollution. Yet China has a huge opportunity - over 50 new cities, each with populations of over 1 million people, will be built in the next 20 years. The question is, will China stick to its auto-oriented, mega scale formula or adopt a human-scaled, pedestrian friendly form that enhances health?
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Walkability & Health in China
1. Mariela Alfonzo, Ph.D.
Fulbright Senior Research Scholar, Shanghai, China
Founder, State of Place™
Assistant Research Professor, NYU-Poly
www.stateofplace.org
ULI Shanghai, China
March 6th, 2014
Walkability & Health in China
#ULIWalkabilityWeek
4. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
DENSITY
FORM
CONNECTIVITY
PROXIMITY
PARKS & PUBLIC SPACES
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
PEDESTRIAN AMENITIES
TRAFFIC SAFETY
BICYCLE AMENITIES
AESTHETICS
PERSONAL SAFETY
URBAN
FABRIC
DESTINATIONS
HUMAN
NEEDS &
COMFORT
LIVELINESS &
UPKEEP
State of Place™ Profile
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DENSITY
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AESTHETICS
PERSONAL SAFETY
URBAN
FABRI
C
DESTINATIONS
HUMAN
NEEDS &
COMFORT
LIVELINESS &
UPKEEP
State of Place™ Profile
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PERSONAL SAFETY
URBAN
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DESTINATIONS
HUMAN
NEEDS &
COMFORT
LIVELINESS &
UPKEEP
State of Place™ Profile
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DENSITY
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CONNECTIVITY
PROXIMITY
PARKS & PUBLIC SPACES
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
PEDESTRIAN AMENITIES
TRAFFIC SAFETY
BICYCLE AMENITIES
AESTHETICS
PERSONAL SAFETY
URBAN
FABRIC
DESTINATIONS
HUMAN
NEEDS &
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LIVELINESS &
UPKEEP
State of Place™ Profile
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DENSITY
FORM
CONNECTIVITY
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RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
PEDESTRIAN AMENITIES
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BICYCLE AMENITIES
AESTHETICS
PERSONAL SAFETY
URBAN
FABRIC
DESTINATIONS
HUMAN
NEEDS &
COMFORT
LIVELINESS
& UPKEEP
State of Place™ Profile
25. 2004 2010
EMISSION
S per capitaCHINA’
SEMISSION RATE
1/3TO
P
of emitters
AIR
POLLUTION
IN 2010 RESPONSIBLE FOR
1.2 Million DEATHS 8
YOUNGEST
LUNG
CANCER
PATIENT ON
RECORD
YR
S
OL
27. State of Place Index: 90, Very High
Walkability
State of Place Index: 5, Very Low
28. + $36 sq ft Office Rents
+ $28 sq ft Retail Rents
+80% Retail Revenues
+ $1200/Unit Residential Rent
+$324 sq ft For-sale Residential Value
29.
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PARKS & PUBLIC SPACES
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
PEDESTRIAN AMENITIES
TRAFFIC SAFETY
BICYCLE AMENITIES
AESTHETICS
PERSONAL SAFETY
State of Place™ ProfileROI
HighLowMedium
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120. U.S.
In last decade
CHINA
has added
2/3 of
population
will have
Chinese cities221
over
1 million ppl
By
2025 CHINA NEEDS
170 new mass-transit
5B new sq.m. of roads
40B new sq.m. of floor space
121.
122. Shanghai Walk & Talks: www.meetup.com/shanghai-walk-talks
www.stateofplace.org
#ULIWalkabilityWeek
Notas del editor
Introduction
But also about health
Found 5 levels of walkability – attached to econ perf
Found 5 levels of walkability – attached to econ perf
Socio-cultural status equated with motorized mobility
Outdated/ill-intentioned codes; LDIs
Too many ministries/departments involved; goals are not in-sync
Who takes responsibility? Who is in charge of fixing the problem?
Tearing down historical districts; getting rid of street food/vending; outlawing sidewalk dining