The document discusses the history of libraries from ancient times to the present. It notes that the first libraries existed in Sumer as book repositories and public centers for disseminating knowledge. Libraries grew out of monasteries and universities starting in the 13th century. The mass public library became dominant in the 20th century, serving to promote books and reading. The document provides several brief facts about the establishment of early libraries and the roles of librarians throughout history.
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презентация (англ)
1. 2727 Of MayOf May
All-Russia day ofAll-Russia day of
librarieslibraries
(Day of the librarian)(Day of the librarian)
2. The All-Russia day of libraries by right is also a professionalThe All-Russia day of libraries by right is also a professional
holiday of the Russian librarians — Day of the librarian. Thisholiday of the Russian librarians — Day of the librarian. This
professional holiday is established by the Decree of theprofessional holiday is established by the Decree of the
President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin from May 27,President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin from May 27,
1995 «About establishment of the all-Russian day of libraries».1995 «About establishment of the all-Russian day of libraries».
Decree is told: «Considering a big contribution of the RussianDecree is told: «Considering a big contribution of the Russian
libraries to development of domestic education, a science andlibraries to development of domestic education, a science and
culture and need of further increase of their role for society life,culture and need of further increase of their role for society life,
I decide: 1. To establish the all-Russian Day of libraries and toI decide: 1. To establish the all-Russian Day of libraries and to
mark out him on May 27, having dated this date for day of themark out him on May 27, having dated this date for day of the
basis in 1795 of the first state public library of Russia —basis in 1795 of the first state public library of Russia —
Imperial public library, nowadays the Russian national library.Imperial public library, nowadays the Russian national library.
3. From history of libraries ofFrom history of libraries of
the worldthe world
In Antiquity and in the Ancient East of libraryIn Antiquity and in the Ancient East of library
existed in two forms: as book-depositories andexisted in two forms: as book-depositories and
as the public centers which tasks includedas the public centers which tasks included
dissemination of knowledge. During an era ofdissemination of knowledge. During an era of
the early Middle Ages there are libraries atthe early Middle Ages there are libraries at
monasteries and cathedrals. At a turn of themonasteries and cathedrals. At a turn of the
XIII-XIV centuries under the influence of beingXIII-XIV centuries under the influence of being
formed university culture in the relation to theformed university culture in the relation to the
book and library there is a change. Thebook and library there is a change. The
monastic book in the spiritual and intellectualmonastic book in the spiritual and intellectual
function played, first of all, a treasure role.function played, first of all, a treasure role.
Unlike it the university book becomes theUnlike it the university book becomes the
knowledge tool.knowledge tool.
4. In Paris, Bologna, Padua, OxfordIn Paris, Bologna, Padua, Oxford
there are libraries at universities.there are libraries at universities.
During the Education era theDuring the Education era the
increase in volume of literature onincrease in volume of literature on
natural sciences, history, art innatural sciences, history, art in
library strengthens its educationallibrary strengthens its educational
function. In the XVIII centuryfunction. In the XVIII century
educational function of libraries iseducational function of libraries is
realized in availability of books andrealized in availability of books and
information to society.information to society.
In the XX century the mass publicIn the XX century the mass public
library becomes dominating type oflibrary becomes dominating type of
library. The main tasks of library inlibrary. The main tasks of library in
the USSR promotion of books, thethe USSR promotion of books, the
management of reading, formationmanagement of reading, formation
and regulation of reader's interestsand regulation of reader's interests
saw. Library as a museum andsaw. Library as a museum and
theater, was an importanttheater, was an important
component of cultural space of thecomponent of cultural space of the
city.city.
5. Факты библиотечной историиФакты библиотечной истории
Thefirst dataon librariescarry up thetimeThefirst dataon librariescarry up thetime
of existenceSumer (3000 g BC). Books—of existenceSumer (3000 g BC). Books—
plates werestored then in clay jugs. Onplates werestored then in clay jugs. On
each shelf therewasclay "label", sizeabouteach shelf therewasclay "label", sizeabout
alittlefinger with thenameof branch ofalittlefinger with thenameof branch of
knowledge. Safety of fundswashelped byknowledge. Safety of fundswashelped by
terriblecaution: "Theonewho will daretoterriblecaution: "Theonewho will dareto
carry away thesetables: start up will punishcarry away thesetables: start up will punish
theanger Ashur and Bleaches, and thetheanger Ashur and Bleaches, and the
nameof hisand hissuccessorswill benameof hisand hissuccessorswill be
forever buried in oblivion in thiscountry"forever buried in oblivion in thiscountry"
Theoutstanding scientist — mathematicianTheoutstanding scientist — mathematician
Nikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky at theNikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky at the
sametimeheld apost of therector of thesametimeheld apost of therector of the
Kazan university (1827 — 1846) and theKazan university (1827 — 1846) and the
director of university library.director of university library.
30 yearswereworked in Imperial Public30 yearswereworked in Imperial Public
library of Petersburg by thewriter andlibrary of Petersburg by thewriter and
fabulist Ivan Andriyovych Krylov. In thefabulist Ivan Andriyovych Krylov. In the
samelibrary worked: scientist-historiansamelibrary worked: scientist-historian
Yermolaev, Korf, writer and philosopherYermolaev, Korf, writer and philosopher
Odoevsky.Odoevsky.
6. Thefirst library in Russiathelibrary isThefirst library in Russiathelibrary is
considered at theSofiacathedral in Kiev,considered at theSofiacathedral in Kiev,
based in 1037 Yaroslav Mudrym.based in 1037 Yaroslav Mudrym.
In theXV century theItalian dukeFederigoIn theXV century theItalian dukeFederigo
daMontefeltro developed theinstruction indaMontefeltro developed theinstruction in
which formulated therequirementsshownwhich formulated therequirementsshown
to thelibrarian: learning, pleasant character,to thelibrarian: learning, pleasant character,
imposing appearance, eloquence.imposing appearance, eloquence.
Many yearswereworked in library ofMany yearswereworked in library of
cardinal Mazarini by theFrench scientistcardinal Mazarini by theFrench scientist
Gabriel Node. Hewastheauthor of workGabriel Node. Hewastheauthor of work
"Councilson thelibrary device" (1627)."Councilson thelibrary device" (1627).
Нодэ it wasconvinced that "it isimpossibleНодэ it wasconvinced that "it isimpossible
to call disorder collection of bookslibraryto call disorder collection of bookslibrary
asit isimpossibleto consider thearmedasit isimpossibleto consider thearmed
crowd asregular army or aheap ofcrowd asregular army or aheap of
construction materials— thehouse".construction materials— thehouse".
On theXX century outcomeespeciallyOn theXX century outcomeespecially
wrotemuch and spokeabout theend ofwrotemuch and spokeabout theend of
traditional library and about anewtraditional library and about anew
information erathough in theXIXinformation erathough in theXIX
V.F.Odoevsky described acertainV.F.Odoevsky described acertain
mathematical formulawhich will bemathematical formulawhich will be
deduced "in order that in thehugebook todeduced "in order that in thehugebook to
attack that pagewhich isnecessary and toattack that pagewhich isnecessary and to
calculatequickly, how many pagesthen it iscalculatequickly, how many pagesthen it is
possibleto passflawless".possibleto passflawless".
7. In the XX century Stanislav LemIn the XX century Stanislav Lem
in the novel "Magellanic cloud"in the novel "Magellanic cloud"
gave one of the most courageousgave one of the most courageous
forecasts of development offorecasts of development of
libraries... "... In 2531 the newlibraries... "... In 2531 the new
way of storage of human thoughtway of storage of human thought
was entered. Began to usewas entered. Began to use
: small crystals ofтрионы: small crystals ofтрионы
quartz. Kristallik in size with aquartz. Kristallik in size with a
grain of sand could comprise asgrain of sand could comprise as
much information, how manymuch information, how many
contains in the ancientcontains in the ancient
encyclopedia. The Centralencyclopedia. The Central
trionovy library was createdtrionovy library was created
uniform forall globe..."uniform forall globe..."
8. Thereismore:Thereismore:
Theominousheroineof RussianTheominousheroineof Russian
national fairy tales— Woman Yaganational fairy tales— Woman Yaga
wasakeeper of "library of balls", i.e.wasakeeper of "library of balls", i.e.
thelibrarian. Quietly sat in an izbaonthelibrarian. Quietly sat in an izbaon
kury legsand gaveout lost thewaykury legsand gaveout lost theway
Ivanam Tsarevicham worksof nodularIvanam Tsarevicham worksof nodular
writing — threadswith signsfrom thewriting — threadswith signsfrom the
small knots, rolled up in balls.small knots, rolled up in balls.
Unwinding theancient guidebook,Unwinding theancient guidebook,
Ivan read nodular recordsand thusIvan read nodular recordsand thus
learned how to reach aplace.learned how to reach aplace.
Probably, TsarevitcheswereProbably, Tsarevitcheswere
undisciplined readerssincereturn ofundisciplined readerssincereturn of
ballson wood point of issueof theballson wood point of issueof the
fairy talehold back. amonastery, livedfairy talehold back. amonastery, lived
in acell at thearchimandriteand itin acell at thearchimandriteand it
wasesteemed "ayak thescribeiskindwasesteemed "ayak thescribeiskind
Thelegend says, asif achernets—Thelegend says, asif achernets—
deacon Grigory Otrepyev, futureFalsedeacon Grigory Otrepyev, futureFalse
Dmitry of I, wasthelibrarian ofDmitry of I, wasthelibrarian of
Chudovo and thecopyist".Chudovo and thecopyist".
9. In thelibrary chronicleIn thelibrary chronicle
persons, eventswerereplaced,persons, eventswerereplaced,
estimatesand on huge, theestimatesand on huge, the
millenniacollected experience,millenniacollected experience,
wereverified workingwereverified working
receptions, library traditionsreceptions, library traditions
werecreated. Along with thewerecreated. Along with the
talented handymen fromtalented handymen from
century to century decoratingcentury to century decorating
and glorifying thenativeearth,and glorifying thenativeearth,
thelibrarian alwaysborrowed,thelibrarian alwaysborrowed,
and will takeaspecial placeasand will takeaspecial placeas
it worksin thefield of cultureit worksin thefield of culture
spiritual.spiritual.
