Designing Wearables: Guidelines and Prototyping Tools
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Workshop talk by Mark Billinghurst at the AWE Asia 2015 conference on October 17h 2015. This workshop gives an overview of design guidelines and tool for designing wearable interfaces.
![DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES
Mark Billinghurst
▪ Professor of HCI, University of
South Australia
▪ PhD Univ. Washington
▪ Research on AR, mobile HCI,
Collaborative Interfaces
▪ More than 300 papers in AR, VR,
interface design, wearable
▪ Sabbatical in Glass team at
Google [x] in 2013](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Designing Wearables: Guidelines and Prototyping Tools
- 1. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Mark Billinghurst mark.billinghurst@unisa.edu.au Oct 17th 2015 AWE Asia 2015
- 2. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Mark Billinghurst ▪ Professor of HCI, University of South Australia ▪ PhD Univ. Washington ▪ Research on AR, mobile HCI, Collaborative Interfaces ▪ More than 300 papers in AR, VR, interface design, wearable ▪ Sabbatical in Glass team at Google [x] in 2013
- 3. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Goals and Schedule Goals Learn simple interface design guidelines Learn useful prototyping tools Learn where further resources are Schedule 4:15 Introduction (5 minutes) 4:20 Design Guidelines (15 minutes) 4:35 Prototyping Tools (20 minutes) 4:55 Resources (5 minutes)
- 4. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES 1. INTRODUCTION
- 6. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Room Desk Lap Hand Head
- 8. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES What is a Wearable Computer? ▪ Computer on the body that is: ▪ Always on ▪ Always accessible ▪ Always connected ▪ Other attributes ▪ Augmenting user actions ▪ Aware of user and surroundings Starner, T. E. (1999). Wearable computing and contextual awareness (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
- 9. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Evolution of Wearables • asdfad
- 10. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Second Gen. Systems • Recon (2010 - ) • Recon Jet, Snow • Head worn displays for sports • Acquired by Intel (2015) • Google (2011 - ) • Google Glass • Consumer focus
- 11. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Smart Glass in 2015
- 12. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES How do you Design for this?
- 13. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES 2. DESIGN GUIDELINES
- 14. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Universal Design Principles Flexibility Equitable use Easy to perceive Simple and intuitive Low physical effort High tolerance for error
- 15. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Designing for Wearables • Wearables are intimate on-body devices, so interface design for wearables, means: • Designing for Attention • Designing for Interruption • Designing for User Experience • Designing for Social Interaction
- 17. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Micro-Interactions Using mobile phone people split their attention between the display and the real world
- 18. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Time Looking at Screen Oulasvirta, A. (2005). The fragmentation of attention in mobile interaction, and what to do with it. interactions, 12(6), 16-18.
- 19. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Using Micro Interactions Quick micro-interactions reduce divided attention and allow people to spend more time in real world
- 20. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES It's like a rear view mirror Don't overload the user. S2ck to the absolutely essen2al, avoid long interac2ons. Be explicit.
- 21. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Make it glanceable Seek to rigorously reduce information density. Successful designs afford for recognition, not reading. Bad Good
- 22. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Reduce the number of info chunks You are designing for recognition, not reading. Reducing the total # of information chunks will greatly increase the glanceability of your design. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 (6) Test done by Morten Just using a watch
- 23. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Design Single Interactions < 4 sec Eye movements For 1: 1 230ms For 2: 1 230ms For 3: 1 230ms For 4: 3 690ms For 5: 2 460ms ~1,840ms Eye movements For 1: 1-2 460ms For 2: 1 230ms For 3: 1 230ms ~920ms 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 (6) Test done by Morten Just using a watch
- 24. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Test the glanceability of your design
- 25. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Design for MicroInteractions ▪ Design interactions less than a few seconds • Tiny bursts of interaction • One task per interaction • One input per interaction ▪ Benefits • Use limited input • Minimize interruptions • Reduce attention fragmentation
- 26. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Rule of Thumb: Design for limited attention/ microinteractions - no more than 4 seconds to complete a given step in the interaction
- 28. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Designing for Interruptions • Assume user is engaged in critical real world task • Use context to filter interruptions (is it necessary?) • Interrupt in way that consumes least attention • Allow user to dismiss interruption with minimal effort • Progressively disclose information and increase interaction
- 29. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Example:Interruptions on Glass ▪ Gradually increase engagement and attention load ▪ Respond to user engagement Receiving SMS on Glass “Bing” Tap Swipe Glass Show Message Start Reply User Look Up Say Reply
- 30. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Rule of Thumb: Design for interruption and low cognitive load that can be increased as needed.
- 31. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES User Experience
- 32. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES ConsiderYour User • Wearable User • Probably Mobile • One/no hand interaction • Short application use • Need to be able to multitask • Use in outdoor or indoor environment • Want to enhance interaction with real world
- 33. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES How would you take a note?
- 34. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Example:Glass Pictures • On Glass there are three ways to take a picture 1/Voice commands – “Ok Glass,Take a Picture” 2/ Touch navigation through menu 3/ Winking with right eye • Which you use depends on context • Riding a bike outdoors – voice commands • During a meeting – winking
- 35. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Rule of Thumb: Provide multiple ways of accessing functionality.
- 36. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Design For Device • Simple, relevant information • Complement existing devices
- 37. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Glass User Interface • dfasdf
- 39. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Do one thing at a time
- 40. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Test your design indoors + outdoors
- 41. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Design for Context
- 42. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Design for Ecosystem of Wearables User have multiple devices - phone, watch - fitness band, HMD Each device should be used when it’s most relevant and when it’s the easiest interaction available.
- 43. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Interface Guidelines ▪ Design for device • Use multiple input options • Do one thing at a time • Consider user context ▪ Design for indoor and outdoor use ▪ Design for device ecosystem
- 44. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Social Interaction
- 45. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES SocialAcceptance • People don’t want to look silly • Only 12% of 4,600 adults would be willing to wear AR glasses • 20% of mobile AR browser users experience social issues • Acceptance more due to Social than Technical issues • Needs further study (ethnographic, field tests, longitudinal)
- 46. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Rule of Thumb: Fashion First - It DOES NOT MATTER what the device does unless the user is willing to put it on the first time
- 49. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Rule of Thumb: Make the interface not just for the user but also for the people around the user, both physically and socially.
- 50. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Attention: least visual-manual attention necessary, < 2 second access time Interruption: assume busy, ramped attention Wearable: long term, unobtrusive, fashionable User Experience: design for device, multiple ways of information access, all environments Social: graceful interfaces, design for others Summary
- 51. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES 3. PROTOTYPING
- 52. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES How can we quickly prototype Wearable experiences with little or no coding?
- 53. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Why Prototype? ▪ Quick visual design ▪ Capture key interactions ▪ Focus on user experience ▪ Communicate design ideas ▪ “Learn by doing/experiencing”
- 54. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Typical Development Steps ▪ Sketching ▪ Storyboards ▪ UI Mockups ▪ Interaction Flows ▪ Video Prototypes ▪ Interactive Prototypes ▪ Final Native Application Increased Fidelity & Interactivity Static Low fidelity Interactive High fidelity
- 55. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Sketched Interfaces ▪ Sketch + Powerpoint/Photoshop/Illustrator
- 56. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Paper Prototype • Use sketched interface in template
- 57. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Glass UI Templates ▪ Google Glass Photoshop Templates ▪ http://glass-ui.com/ ▪ http://dsky9.com/glassfaq/the-google-glass-psd-template/
- 58. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Smart Watch Templates • Eg https://dribbble.com/jaysuthar/buckets/260235-watch
- 59. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Application Flow
- 60. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Glassware Flow Designer • Quick flow layout tool • https://glassware-flow-designer.appspot.com/
- 61. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Static Limitations ▪ Positives ▪ Good for documenting screens ▪ Can show application flow ▪ Negatives ▪ No interactivity/transitions ▪ Can’t be used for testing ▪ Can’t deploy on wearable ▪ Can be time consuming to create
- 62. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES ▪ Series of still photos in a movie format. ▪ Demonstrates the experience of the product ▪ Show transitions between states ▪ Discover where concept needs fleshing out. ▪ Communicate experience and interface ▪ You can use whatever tools, from Flash to iMovie. Video Sketching
- 63. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES UI Concept Movies
- 65. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Interactive Wireframing ▪ Developing interactive interfaces/wireframes ▪ Transitions, user feedback, interface design ▪ Web based tools ▪ UXpin - http://www.uxpin.com/ ▪ proto.io - http://www.proto.io/ ▪ Native tools ▪ Justinmind - http://www.justinmind.com/ ▪ Axure - http://www.axure.com/
- 66. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Proto.io - http://www.proto.io/ ▪ Web based mobile prototyping tool ▪ Features ▪ Prototype for multiple devices ▪ Gesture input, touch events, animations ▪ Share with collaborators ▪ Test on device
- 67. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Proto.io Demo Video
- 68. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Proto.io Android Wear Demo • https://proto.io/showcase/android-wear/
- 69. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Wireframe Limitations ▪ Can’t deploy on Device ▪ No access to sensor data ▪ Camera, orientation sensor ▪ No multimedia playback ▪ Audio, video ▪ Simple transitions ▪ No conditional logic ▪ No networking
- 70. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Processing ▪ Programming tool for Artists/Designers ▪ http://processing.org ▪ Easy to code, Free, Open source, Java based ▪ 2D, 3D, audio/video support ▪ Sketching with code ▪ Processing For Android ▪ http://wiki.processing.org/w/Android ▪ Strong Android support ▪ Generates Android .apk file
- 72. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Basic Processing Sketch /* Notes comment */ //set up global variables float moveX = 50; //Initialize the Sketch void setup (){ } //draw every frame void draw(){ }
- 73. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Processing and Wearables ▪ One of the easiest ways to build rich interactive wearable applications ▪ focus on interactivity, not coding ▪ Collects all sensor input ▪ camera, accelerometer, touch ▪ Can build native Android .apk files ▪ Side load onto Glass
- 74. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Hello World Image PImage img; // Create an image variable void setup() { size(640, 360); //load the ok glass home screen image img = loadImage("okGlass.jpg"); // Load the image } void draw() { // Displays the image at point (0,0) image(img, 0, 0); }
- 76. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Touch Pad Input ▪ Tap recognized as DPAD input void keyPressed() { if (key == CODED){ if (keyCode == DPAD) { // Do something .. ▪ Java code to capture rich motion events ▪ import android.view.MotionEvent;
- 77. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Motion Event //Glass Touch Events - reads from touch pad public boolean dispatchGenericMotionEvent(MotionEvent event) { float x = event.getX(); // get x/y coords float y = event.getY(); int action = event.getActionMasked(); // get code for action switch (action) { // let us know which action code shows up case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: touchEvent = "DOWN"; fingerTouch = 1; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: touchEvent = "MOVE"; xpos = myScreenWidth-x*touchPadScaleX; ypos = y*touchPadScaleY; break;
- 79. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Sensors ▪ Ketai Library for Processing ▪ https://code.google.com/p/ketai/ ▪ Support all phone sensors ▪ GPS, Compass, Light, Camera, etc ▪ Include Ketai Library ▪ import ketai.sensors.*; ▪ KetaiSensor sensor;
- 80. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Using Sensors ▪ Setup in Setup( ) function ▪ sensor = new KetaiSensor(this); ▪ sensor.start(); ▪ sensor.list(); ▪ Event based sensor reading void onAccelerometerEvent(…) { accelerometer.set(x, y, z); }
- 81. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Sensor Demo
- 82. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Physical Input Devices ▪ Can we develop unobtrusive input devices ? ▪ Reduce need for speech, touch pad input ▪ Socially more acceptable ▪ Examples ▪ Ring, ▪ pendant, ▪ bracelet, ▪ gloves, etc
- 83. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Prototyping Platform Arduino Kit Bluetooth Shield Google Glass
- 84. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Example: Glove Input ▪ Buttons on fingertips ▪ Map touches to commands
- 85. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Example: Ring Input ▪ Touch strip, button, accelerometer ▪ Tap, swipe, flick actions
- 86. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES How it works Bracelet Armband Gloves 1,2, 3,4 Values/ output
- 87. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Summary • Prototyping for wearables is similar to mobiles • Tools for UI design, storyboarding, wireframing • Android tools to create interactive prototypes • Processing, WearScript, etc • Arduino can be used for hardware prototypes • Once prototyped Native Apps can be built • Android + SDK for each platform
- 88. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES 4. Resources
- 89. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Designing For Glass Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ERgbIJ6pCM
- 90. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Glass UI Design Guidelines • More guidelines – https://developers.google.com/glass/design/index
- 91. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES GlassSim – http://glasssim.com/ ▪ Simulate the view through Google Glass ▪ Multiple card templates
- 92. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES GlassSim Card Builder ▪ Use HTML for card details ▪ Multiple templates ▪ Change background ▪ Own image ▪ Camera view
- 93. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES GlassSim Samples
- 94. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Pop - https://popapp.in/ • Take pictures of sketches • Link pictures together • Combining sketching and interactivity on mobiles
- 95. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Using Pop
- 96. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Viewing Design on Device • Android Design Preview • https://github.com/romannurik/AndroidDesignPreview • View a portion of your desktop on Android device • Select region of screen • Mirror it on Android Device • Use to view mock-ups on target device • Eg Powerpoint for wearable mockups
- 97. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Other Tools ▪ Wireframing ▪ pidoco ▪ FluidUI ▪ Rapid Development ▪ Phone Gap ▪ AppMachine ▪ Interactive ▪ App Inventor ▪ WearScript
- 98. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES WearScript • WearScript • Combines power of Android development on Glass with the learning curve of a website • Use a cloud IDE to write JavaScript that runs instantly on Glass inside a WebView • Get started at http://wearscript.com • Support for advanced features • Augmented Reality • Eye tracking • Arduino input
- 99. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES How it Works
- 100. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Books ▪ Programming Google Glass ▪ Eric Redmond ▪ Rapid Android Development: Build Rich, Sensor-Based Applications with Processing ▪ Daniel Sauter
- 101. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES • Beginning Google Glass Development by Jeff Tang
- 102. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES • Microinteractions: Designing with Details • Dan Saffer • http://microinteractions.com/
- 103. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES CHI Wearables Exhibit Online at http://wcc.gatech.edu/exhibition
- 104. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Glass Resources ▪ Main Developer Website ▪ https://developers.google.com/glass/ ▪ Glass Apps Developer Site ▪ http://glass-apps.org/glass-developer ▪ Google Design Guidelines Site ▪ https://developers.google.com/glass/design/ index?utm_source=tuicool ▪ Google Glass Emulator ▪ http://glass-apps.org/google-glass-emulator
- 105. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Recon Jet • Developer Website • http://www.reconinstruments.com/developers/getting-started/ reconsdk/ • Application Prototyping • http://www.reconinstruments.com/developers/resources/ application-prototyping/
- 106. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Other Resources ▪ AR for Glass Website ▪ http://www.arforglass.org/ ▪ Vandrico Database of wearable devices ▪ http://vandrico.com/database
- 109. DESIGNING FOR WEARABLES Books ▪ Programming Google Glass ▪ Eric Redmond ▪ Rapid Android Development: Build Rich, Sensor-Based Applications with Processing ▪ Daniel Sauter