A selection of UK national parks, Peak Districts, Exmoor, South Downs, Dartmoor, New Forest, Snowdonia, Lake District, Scholarships, Summer Schools. A selection of US national parks: Yosemite, Yellowstone, Everglades,
17. UK National Parks
Second for money
spent by visitors
(~500 million £/yr)
Pembrokeshire Peak District
South Downs
Exmoor
Dartmoor New Forest Source: UK National Parks
20. UK National Parks
~25,000 inhabitants,
4.3 million visitors/yr,
~2200 km2
Snowdonia
Peak District
Pembrokeshire
South Downs
Exmoor
Dartmoor New Forest Source: UK National Parks
22. UK National Parks
2nd for number of
inhabitants and
visitors
Lake District
Peak District
Snowdonia
Pembrokeshire
South Downs
Exmoor
Dartmoor New Forest Source: UK National Parks
27. UK National Parks
Loch Lomond North
Yorkshire
Moors
Lake District
Peak District
Snowdonia
Pembrokeshire
South Downs
Exmoor
Dartmoor New Forest Source: UK National Parks
29. UK National Parks
~10% of the UK area
Cairngorms
Loch Lomond
Northumberland
North Yorkshire Moors
Lake District North Yorkshire Dales
Peak District
Snowdonia
Broads
Pembrokeshire Brecon
Beacons
South Downs
Exmoor
Dartmoor New Forest Source: UK National Parks
45. Five botanic gardens in the UK
PLANT AREA
NAME PLACE ESTABLISHED
SPECIES (HA)
Bodelva,
Eden Project ~5000 50 1997
Cornwall
Wales National Llanarthne,
~4000 60 2000
Botanic Garden Wales
Edinburgh Royal Edinburgh,
~12500 26 1670
Botanic Garden Scotland
Oxford University Oxford,
~8000 1.8 1621
Botanic Garden England
Chelsea Physic
London ~5000 1 1673
Garden
Source: BGCI
46. Species richness vs. % of protected area
1. Link country with n of plant species
Brazil 1,600
Britain 3,200
Canada 5,600
Italy 20,000
USA 56,000
60
1. Link country and % of terrestrial
number of countries
50
protected area
40
Brazil 15
30
China 22
Germany 27 20
UK 30 10
USA 56 0
less 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-30 more
than than
1% 30%
proportion of protected area
Source: UNEP, 2008
47. Are protected areas effective at preserving
biodiversity?
Many protected areas tend to be located in
relatively remote/inaccessible regions
Sometimes protected areas
become tourist attractions
Protected area networks have often been
created without international coordination
51. Random sample of 100 papers per year
on ‘species richness’ in WOS (1991-2004)
from: Lonsdale et al. (2008) European Journal of Forest Research
52. Which institutions other than National Parks
aim to protect biodiversity?
* Government Departments
* Research Institutes
* Foundations and charities
* NGOs
* Private individuals
53.
54.
55.
56.
57. What can the single individual do to stop
the loss of biodiversity?
Habitat fragmentation, degradation and loss
Water, air and soil pollution
Species introductions
Climate change
Trade, travel, transportation and tourism
59. [1015 mol/cm2; Jan 2003- Jun 2004]
Air pollution due to urbanization: NO2
source: http://esamultimedia.esa.int/images/EarthObservation/pollution_europe_hires.jpg
60. Species movements in a globalized world
passengers
From: Hufnagel et al. (2005) PNAS (air) & Kaluza et al. (2010) Interface (sea)
61. Climate change and plant distribution shifts
From: Denis Loustau (2006) Climate change impacts on extensively
managed forest: a modelling approach, Wilton Park Conference
62. Examples of how the single individual can make
a difference in biodiversity conservation
1) Volunteer in conservation activities/
biodiversity education
2) Reduce consumption/Carbon emissions?
3) Adopt an environmentally friendly lifestyle
4) avoid unintended introductions
of exotic species
70. References
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