5. is a process of producing
sounds into understandable
language

7. All languages have voiced and voiceless sounds.
Voiced Sounds
-Sounds produced when vocal folds come together
(adduction) and vibrate
Voiceless Sounds
-Sounds produced by opening of vocal folds
(abduction) and vibration of other parts of mouth
and throat

9. >Stop
>Nasal
>Trill
>Fricative
>Affricative
>Approximant
>Lateral Approximant
-Describes the degree of narrowing in the oral cavity
-specify the escape channel, the initiating source of
the airflow involved and the certain acoustic or
perceptual characteristics.

17. Movements and shape changes of the mouth cavity,
tongue, and lips produce recognizable vowels and
consonants.
Vowels
-are formed by altering the shape of the lips
Consonants
-are generated by a movement of the tip of the
tongue to and from the back of the teeth or roof
of the mouth, or by a rapid separation of the
lips.

32. Glottal

39. Affricative
A stop followed by a fricative at the
same place of articulation

47. Say ‘mmmm’
– where is the ‘m’ sound produced?
Pinch your nose
– what happens?
Put your fingers in your ears
– what do you hear?

51. Broca's area is one of
the main areas of
the cerebral cortex
responsible for
producing language.
This brain area
controls motor
functions involved
with speech
production.
Broca's area is
connected to
another brain
region known as
Wernicke’s area.
Wernicke's area is
associated with
processing and
understanding
language.

52. Damage to Broca's Area
Damage to Broca's area is called Broca's aphasia. A
person suffering damage will likely exhibit problems
like words not coming out properly formed, slowed or
slurred speech, and prevention of producing words.
Damage to Wernicke's area
Damage to the Wernicke's area known as Wenicke's
aphasia would result in people suffering from the loss
of ability to comprehend language, and also the
ability to speak words clearly but the inability to
properly put them together. The words someone
would speak would be out of order and would make
no sense.

53. Speech-related brain disorders can range
from but not limited to strokes, traumatic
brain injury, aphasia, brain tumors, brain
infections, degeneration defects and
disrupted blood flow to the brain. Depending
on the extent of the disorder and damage
speech can be impaired on different levels.
Depending on the disorder and treatment
available speech damage may be able to be
repaired through speech therapists and
ongoing treatment of the disorder.