3. Purpose:
* Your own thinking accompanied by
scholars
* The use of books, articles, observations,
experiments, and credible websites
4. Purpose:
* Your own thinking accompanied by
scholars
* The use of books, articles, observations,
experiments, and credible websites
* Backing your knowledge with the
knowledge of the professionals in the field
of your subject
6. Choosing a Topic
* Have a specific purpose
Example: The psychological effects of playing violent
video games (The topic is not "violent video games").
7. Choosing a Topic
* Have a specific purpose
Example: The psychological effects of playing violent
video games (the topic is not "violent video games").
* Take a particular angle on events, a person, or place
8. Choosing a Topic
* Have a specific purpose
Example: The psychological effects of playing violent
video games (the topic is not "violent video games").
* Take a particular angle on events, a person, or place
Example: Pearl Harbor: The beginning of the United
States' involvement in WWII (the topic is not "Pearl
Harbor").
9. Choosing a Topic
* Have a specific purpose
Example: The psychological effects of playing violent
video games (the topic is not "violent video games").
* Take a particular angle on events, a person, or place
Example: Pearl Harbor: The beginning of the United
States' involvement in WWII (the topic is not "Pearl
Harbor").
* A topic that created change/effect
10. Choosing a Topic
* Have a specific purpose
Example: The psychological effects of playing violent
video games (the topic is not "violent video games").
* Take a particular angle on events, a person, or place
Example: Pearl Harbor: The beginning of the United
States' involvement in WWII (the topic is not "Pearl
Harbor").
* A topic that created change/effect
Example: Clara Barton: helped promote equal rights for
women in the 19th century through progressive civil
rights work
11. Choosing a Topic Cont.
* Take a position that others might challenge or
oppose
12. Choosing a Topic Cont.
* Take a position that others might challenge or oppose
Example: Jackie Robinson, the great African
American baseball player, was the original pioneer to
ending racial segregation in America.
13. Choosing a Topic Cont.
* Take a position that others might challenge or oppose
Example: Jackie Robinson, the great African
American baseball player, was the original pioneer to
ending racial segregation in America.
* Must pass a "so what?" test
14. Choosing a Topic Cont.
* Take a position that others might challenge or oppose
Example: Jackie Robinson, the great African
American baseball player, was the original pioneer to
ending racial segregation in America.
* Must pass a "so what?" test
Example: The history of bicycles.
15. Choosing a Topic Cont.
* Take a position that others might challenge or oppose
Example: Jackie Robinson, the great African
American baseball player, was the original pioneer to
ending racial segregation in America.
* Must pass a "so what?" test
Example: The history of bicycles.
Pass?
16. Choosing a Topic Cont.
* Take a position that others might challenge or oppose
Example: Jackie Robinson, the great African
American baseball player, was the original pioneer to
ending racial segregation in America.
* Must pass a "so what?" test
Example: The history of bicycles.
Pass? No. How about this?
Individuals are increasingly using bicycles as means
to commute in order to reduce pollution.
19. Creating Questions
* Equivalent to "categories"
* Focus research to specific details instead of random facts
* Often the importance, your topics past, its present, and
its future.
20. Creating Questions
* Equivalent to "categories"
* Focus research to specific details instead of random
facts
* Often the importance, your topics past, its present, and
its future.
* Example:
Topic: The psychological effects of playing violent video
games.
Question #1: How do people that play violent video games
respond to violence that aren't in the games?
21. Creating Questions
* Example:
Topic: The psychological effects of playing violent video
games.
Question #1: How do people that play violent video games
respond to violence that isn't in the games?
Note: The questions allow for your research to answer by
paraphrasing, listing, or quoting your sources.
22. Creating Questions
* Example:
Topic: The psychological effects of playing violent video
games.
Question #1: How do people that play violent video games
respond to violence that isn't in the games?
Note: The questions allow for your research to answer by
paraphrasing, listing, or quoting your sources.
What would be another good question for this topic?
24. Gathering Evidence/Research
* Use some form of organization to keep you focused, and
your information in one place
Example: Note cards. Place your question at the top of
the note card, answer by paraphrasing, quoting, or listing,
and then write down all information and where it was
found on the other side of the card.
25. Gathering Evidence/Research
* Use some form of organization to keep you focused, and
your information in one place
Example: Note cards. Place your question at the top of
the note card, answer by paraphrasing, quoting, or listing,
and then write down all information and where it was
found on the other side of the card.
* An outline in a Google doc
26. Gathering Evidence/Research
* Use some form of organization to keep you focused, and
your information in one place
Example: Note cards. Place your question at the top of
the note card, answer by paraphrasing, quoting, or listing,
and then write down all information and where it was
found on the other side of the card.
* An outline in a Google doc
Example: Have your questions listed, and place the info
into that category along with the source in which it was
found
27. Types of Sources
* Primary Sources: "first" or, "original." Think the actual
document itself.
28. Types of Sources
* Primary Sources: "first" or, "original." Think the actual
document itself.
Example: a movie, an interview, a photograph, etc.
29. Types of Sources
* Primary Sources: "first" or, "original." Think the actual
document itself.
Example: a movie, an interview, a photograph, etc.
* Secondary Sources: information that has been processed
by somebody else.
30. Types of Sources
* Primary Sources: "first" or, "original." Think the actual
document itself.
Example: a movie, an interview, a photograph, etc.
* Secondary Sources: information that has been processed
by somebody else.
Example: An article about an experience, a commentary, a
critique, etc.
31. Finding Sources
* Print and Electronic Sources:
Example: books, journals, websites, newspapers,
magazines, etc.
32. Finding Sources
* Print and Electronic Sources:
Example: books, journals, websites, newspapers,
magazines, etc.
* Observations:
Example: watching, listening, and using your senses.
33. Finding Sources
* Print and Electronic Sources:
Example: books, journals, websites, newspapers,
magazines, etc.
* Observations:
Example: watching, listening, and using your senses.
* Interviews:
Example: allows to get the answers you are really looking
for.
34. Finding Sources Cont.
*Surveys:
Example: allow you to see people's opinions and can be
used as a great source in a research paper
35. Finding Sources Cont.
*Surveys:
Example: allow you to see people's opinions and can be
used as a great source in a research paper
* Experiments:
Example: a primary source
36. Citing Sources Correctly
* Books: Author or editor (last name first). Title
(italicized). City where the book was published: (colon)
Publisher, copyright date.
37. Citing Sources Correctly
* Books: Author or editor (last name first). Title
(italicized). City where the book was published: (colon)
Publisher, copyright date.
Example: Kurlansky, Mark. Salt: A World History. East
Rutherford, NJ: Penguin USA, 2003.
38. Citing Sources Correctly
* Books: Author or editor (last name first). Title
(italicized). City where the book was published: (colon)
Publisher, copyright date.
Example: Kurlansky, Mark. Salt: A World History. East
Rutherford, NJ: Penguin USA, 2003.
The majority of this information is found on the second
page (look for the copyright "c" with a circle).
39. Citing Sources Correctly
* Encyclopedias: Author (if available). Article title (in
quotation marks). Title of encyclopedia (italicized). Edition
(if available). Date published.
40. Citing Sources Correctly
* Encyclopedias: Author (if available). Article title (in
quotation marks). Title of encyclopedia (underlined). Edition
(if available). Date published.
Example: "Sodium Chloride." Columbia Encyclopedia. 2000.
41. Citing Sources Correctly
* Encyclopedias: Author (if available). Article title (in
quotation marks). Title of encyclopedia (underlined). Edition
(if available). Date published.
Example: "Sodium Chloride." Columbia Encyclopedia. 2000.
* Magazines: Author (last name first). Article title (in
quotation marks). Title of the magazine (italicized) Date
(day/month/year): Page numbers of articles.
42. Citing Sources Correctly
* Encyclopedias: Author (if available). Article title (in
quotation marks). Title of encyclopedia (underlined). Edition
(if available). Date published.
Example: "Sodium Chloride." Columbia Encyclopedia. 2000.
* Magazines: Author (last name first). Article title (in
quotation marks). Title of the magazine (italicized) Date
(day/month/year): Page numbers of articles.
Example: Hallett, Don. "THe Wieliczka Salt Mine." Geology Today
Sept./Oct. 2002: 182-185.
43. Citing Sources Correctly
* Newspaper: Author (if available, last name first). Article
title (in quotation marks). Title of the newspaper (italicized)
Date (day/month/year), edition (if listed): Section letter
and page numbers of the article.
44. Citing Sources Correctly
* Newspaper: Author (if available, last name first). Article
title (in quotation marks). Title of the newspaper (italicized)
Date (day/month/year), edition (if listed): Section letter
and page numbers of the article.
Example: Tanner, Beccy. "Salt Mine Museum Could Spark
Tourist Trade." Wichita Eagle 8 ay 2000: A9.
45. Citing Sources Correctly
* Website: Author (if available). Page title (if available, in
quotation marks). Site title (underlined). Date posted
(day/month/year, if available). Name of the sponsor
(if available. Date found <url>
46. Citing Sources Correctly
* Website: Author (if available). Page title (if available, in
quotation marks). Site title (italicized). Date posted
(day/month/year, if available). Name of the sponsor
(if available. Date found <url>
Example: "Dry (Rock Salt) Mining." Salt Institute. Salt
Institute. 10 May 2004. 31 Jan. 2012
<http://www.saltinstitute.org/mich-1.html>.
47. Citing Sources Correctly
* Film, Video, etc.: Title (italicized). Type of medium (VHS,
DVD, etc.). Distributor, date released.
48. Citing Sources Correctly
* Film, Video, etc.: Title (italicized). Type of medium (VHS,
DVD, etc.). Distributor, date released.
Example: Modern Marvels: Salt Mines. VHS. A&E Television
Networks, 1999.
49. Citing Sources Correctly
* Film, Video, etc.: Title (italicized). Type of medium (VHS,
DVD, etc.). Distributor, date released.
Example: Modern Marvels: Salt Mines. VHS. A&E Television
Networks, 1999.
* Interview: Name of Interviewee (Last name first).
Personal Interview (if you conducted the interview). Date
(day/month/year).
50. Citing Sources Correctly
* Film, Video, etc.: Title (italicized). Type of medium (VHS,
DVD, etc.). Distributor, date released.
Example: Modern Marvels: Salt Mines. VHS. A&E Television
Networks, 1999.
* Interview: Name of Interviewee (Last name first).
Personal Interview (if you conducted the interview). Date
(day/month/year).
Example: Strong, Wayne. Personal Interview. 31 Jan. 2012.
52. Avoiding Plagiarism: Quoting
* Quote exact words: taking the exact words
and punctuation from a source and putting it into your paper
with quotation marks.
53. Avoiding Plagiarism: Quoting
* Quote exact words: taking the exact words
and punctuation from a source and putting it into your paper
with quotation marks.
* Use quotes:
a) if you can't say it any better and the author's words
are particularly powerful for your paper
54. Avoiding Plagiarism: Quoting
* Quote exact words: taking the exact words
and punctuation from a source and putting it into your paper
with quotation marks.
* Use quotes:
a) if you can't say it any better and the author's words
are particularly powerful for your paper
b) if your source is well-know and authoritative in making
the point
55. Avoiding Plagiarism: Quoting
* Quote exact words: taking the exact words
and punctuation from a source and putting it into your paper
with quotation marks.
* Use quotes:
a) if you can't say it any better and the author's words
are particularly powerful for your paper
b) if your source is well-know and authoritative in making
the point
c) if your position requires the reader to
understand exactly what another writer said
56. Avoiding Plagiarism: Paraphrasing
* Paraphrasing: putting ideas of others into your own words.
Your paper should have more paraphrasing of sources than
actual quotes.
57. Avoiding Plagiarism: Paraphrasing
* Paraphrasing: putting ideas of others into your own words.
Your paper should have more paraphrasing of sources than
actual quotes.
* Paraphrase if:
a) when introducing a writer's position
58. Avoiding Plagiarism: Paraphrasing
* Paraphrasing: putting ideas of others into your own words.
Your paper should have more paraphrasing of sources than
actual quotes.
* Paraphrase if:
a) when introducing a writer's position
b) your position needs to draw on a scholarly source as a
means of support
59. Avoiding Plagiarism: Paraphrasing
* Paraphrasing: putting ideas of others into your own words.
Your paper should have more paraphrasing of sources than
actual quotes.
* Paraphrase if:
a) when introducing a writer's position
b) your position needs to draw on a scholarly source as a
means of support
c) when showing a brief example
60. Avoiding Plagiarism
* the difference between the two:
* Exact Quote: "The mine, which consists of 100 miles of
tunnels, has never experienced a collapse or mine fatality"
("Dry").
* Paraphrased: The Detroit salt mine has never had a cave-
in, and no one has ever died in a mining accident ("Dry").
61. Avoiding Plagiarism: Summarizing
* Summarizing: putting an entire position, article, text, or
opinion into your own words without restating them
directly.
62. Avoiding Plagiarism: Summarizing
* Summarizing: putting an entire position, article, text, or
opinion into your own words without restating them
directly.
* Summarize if:
a) you want background information without using so much
space
63. Avoiding Plagiarism: Summarizing
* Summarizing: putting an entire position, article, text, or
opinion into your own words without restating them
directly.
* Summarize if:
a) you want background information without using so much
space
b) you want to name/source drop
64. Avoiding Plagiarism: Visuals
* Visuals: such as statistics, data, graphs, charts, photos, or
illustrations are often more effective than trying to
describe what it is that you are claiming.
65. Avoiding Plagiarism: Visuals
* Visuals: such as statistics, data, graphs, charts, photos, or
illustrations are often more effective than trying to
describe what it is that you are claiming.
* However, you must tell the reader what it is they are
looking at.
