1. Laser In Medical
Fields
Done by:
Eman Rashad
Technology Presentation
Dr. Dina Abu Zaid

2. L aser s Used i n the M edi cal F i eld
• E l la hae been used in avrietyof wy
dica sers v a as
for m nyy rs. M l la a used for cosm
a ea edica sers re etic
procedures, surg a dianostic procedures. T
ery nd g he
vria of frequency pow a wv
a tions , er nd ae
m surem sepa te both the ty of la tha
ea ents ra pes sers t
hae been dev
v eloped a the mria wy in w
nd y d as hich
the different la m ybe used. N ty of
sers a ew pes
trea ent hae been dev
tm v eloped in conjunction with
newty of m l la
pes edica sers.

3. -In the ea das of la it ca e a asurprise tha these tools of lig
rly y sers m s t ht
could be used in the science of m edicine, since no one env isioned tha they
t
m ht be a to hea or otherw im e people's phy l w being
ig ble l ise prov sica ell- .
B doctors a m l resea
ut nd edica rchers quicklybeg n to see the possibilities,
a
a the num of uses for m l la m
nd ber edica sers ultiplied ov the y rs.
er ea
Aong other a tions, these include cutting into tissue in surg l
m pplica ica
procedures; resha the corneaof the ey to im e sig clea
ping e prov ht; ning
clog ed a
g rteries; burning a a caities a w
wy v nd hitening the teeth; rem ing ov
unwnted ha w
a ir, rinkles, birthm rks, a freckles; a resha the fa
a nd nd ping ce
in pla surg procedures.
stic ery

4. T he A dvent of the " L aser Scal pel "
-Erlyexperim
a enters w m l la pointed out tha there a
ith edica sers t re
surg l opera tha a difficult to perform w the
ica tions t re ith
conv l sca a tha ala bea m ht be used instea
entiona lpel nd t ser m ig d.
Initia tria show tha afinelyfocused bea from aca
l ls ed t m rbon
dioxide g s la could cut throug hum n tissue ea a nea .
a ser h a sily nd tly
T surg could direct the bea from a a le byusing am
he eon m ny ng irror
m ounted on am a m l a .
ovble eta rm

5.  S era a a g of la surg quicklybeca e a rent. F the lig bea is
ev l dvntaes ser ery m ppa irst, ht m
consistent, w m ns tha it g es off the sa e a ount of energ from n this photo
hich ea t iv m m y I
taken during open-heartsurgery, a doctor uses a laser probeto punch small
holes in the patient's heartmuscleto increasetheorgan's blood flow .
 one second to the next. S a long a the bea is m ing a , the cut it m kes (
os s m ov long a the
incision) does not vryin depth; w s w using asca adoctor ca a
a herea hen lpel n ccidenta
lly
m ke pa of the incision too deep. A
a rt second a a g of the surg l la is tha the hot
dvntae ica ser t
bea ca
m uterizes, or sea off, the open blood v a it m es a . ( his w w
ls essels s ov long T orks ell
m inlyfor sm ll v such a those in the skin. T doctor still ha to sea off the
a a essels, s he s l
la er blood v using conv l m
rg essels entiona ethods.) S a
till nother a a g is tha the cells
dvntae t
in hum n tissue do not conduct hea v w so the skin or a other tissue nea the
a t ery ell, ny r
la incision does not g v hot a is not a
ser et ery nd ffected bythe bea . T a a g of la
m his dvntae ser
surg is v helpful w adoctor m opera on atinya tha is surrounded by
ery ery hen ust te rea t
hea tissue or org ns. It should be pointed out tha the "la sca is not
lthy a t ser lpel"
necessa the best tool to use in ev opera S e doctors feel tha w the la
rily ery tion. om t hile ser
is useful in som situa it w nev tota repla the sca O a m
e tions, ill er lly ce lpel. thers re ore
optim a see ada w m a a la w m ke the sca athing of the
istic nd y hen ore dvnced sers ill a lpel
past.

6.  T second of these v s m yprov to be the m a te, for surg l use of
he iew a e ost ccura ica
la is ra a a . Afirst, la w considered m effectiv in
sers pidly dvncing t sers ere ost e
opera on a s tha a ea to rea rea on the body exterior, including the
ting rea t re sy ch—a s 's
skin, m nose, ea a ey B in recent y rs doctors hae dem ted
outh, rs, nd es. ut ea v onstra
rem rka prog in dev
a ble ress eloping la techniques for use in interna explora
ser l tion
a surg . O course, in order to be a to direct the la bea the doctor m
nd ery f ble ser m ust
be a to see inside the body In som ca this is asim m tter of m king a
ble . e ses ple a a n
incision a opening up the a to be opera on. B there a situa in w
nd rea ted ut re tions hich
this step ca be aoided.
n v

7. Cl eani ng A r ter i es wi th L i ght
 F insta la a increa lyused to clea pla from people's a
or nce, sers re sing n que rteries. P que is atoug fa substa tha
la h tty nce t
ca build up on the inside wlls of the a
n a rteries. Eentua the v ca g so clog ed tha blood does not flow
v lly essels n et g t
norm lly a the result ca be ahea a ck or stroke, both of w a serious a som es fa l. T tra l
a , nd n rt tta hich re nd etim ta he ditiona
m for rem ing the pla inv es opening the chest a m king sev l incisions, along a som es risky
ethod ov que olv nd a era nd etim
opera It is a expensiv a requires w for recov .
tion. lso e nd eeks ery
 A effectiv a tiv is to use ala bea to burn a a the pla T keyto m king this w is the doctor's
n e lterna e ser m wy que. he a ork
a to see inside the a a direct the bea , a
bility rtery nd m nother a in w fiber optics a la a com into a
rea hich nd sers re bined
m w tool. A optic fiber tha ha been connected to atinytelev ca eraca be inserted into a a .
odern onder n t s ision m n n rtery
T elem nowbecom am ture sensor tha a s the doctor a nurses to see inside the a w asecond
hese ents e inia t llow nd rtery hile
fiber is inserted to ca the bursts of lig tha w burn a a the pla
rry ht t ill wy que.
 T technique w in the follow wy T fiber- a yis inserted into ablood v in a a or leg a
he orks ing a. he optic rra essel n rm nd
m ed slow into the a of the hea a blocked a
ov ly rea rt nd rteries. W the a yis in pla the la is fired a the
hen rra ce ser nd
pla destroy a then the exha vpors a sucked ba throug atinyhollowtube tha is inserted a w
que ed, nd ust a re ck h t long ith
the optica fibers. W the a ha been clea out the doctor rem es the fibers a tube, a the opera is
l hen rtery s ned ov nd nd tion
finished. T m l process is know a la a iopla . It ha sev l obv a a g F no incision is needed
his edica n s ser ng sty s era ious dvntaes. irst,
(except for the sm ll one in the v to insert the fibers) T is a little or no bleeding a the pa ca
a essel . here lso , nd tient n
enjoytota recov in ada or tw
l ery y o.
 Lser a iopla does hae som potentia risks tha m be considered. F w the la bea fires a the pla
a ng sty v e l t ust irst, hen ser m t que
it m be a ed v ca
ust im ery refullybeca aslig m could cut throug the wll of the a a ca serious
use ht iss h a rtery nd use
bleeding T pa chest w then hae to be opened up a a A problem inv es sm ll pieces of burnt
. he tient's ould v fter ll. nother olv a
debris fromthe

8.  Surgeons use a t laser tocutaw tissue in a gallbladder operation.
iny ay
The laser and a tiny c era are inserted int t navel, sono abdom
am o he inal
incision is necessary.
 destroy pla If these enter the bloodstrea , theyca ca blockae in sm ller
ed que. m n use g a
blood v bring further com tions. F tely continuous technica
essels, ing plica ortuna , l
a a ents hae considera reduced these risks, a the num of successful la
dvncem v bly nd ber ser
a iopla perform is increa ea y r.
ng sties ed sing ch ea

9. L aser s H eal and R eshape the E yes
 S e of the m rem rka brea
om ost a ble kthroug for m l la hae been in the a
hs edica sers v rea
of ophtha olog , the studyof the structure a disea of the ey O rea tha
lm y nd ses e. ne son t
la bea s a so useful in trea the ey is tha the cornea the coa tha
ser m re ting e t , ting t
cov the ey ll a a its lig into the interior of the ey is tra rent. S
ers eba nd dm ht e, nspa ince
it is desig to a it ordina lig the cornealets in la lig just a w a
ned dm ry ht, ser ht s ell nd
rem ins una
a ffected bythe bea . m
 F the la is v useful in rem ing extra blood v tha ca formon
irst, ser ery ov neous essels t n
the retina thin, lig sensitiv m bra a the ba of the ey ll. It is on the
—the ht- e em ne t ck eba
retinatha the im g of the thing the ey sees a form D m g to the retinaca
t aes s e re ed. a ae n
som es ca blindness, the m com on formin the U S tes resulting from
etim use ost m nited ta
dia ( disea cha cterized byhig lev of blood sug r) w in som
betes a se ra h els a hen, e
a a ca hundreds of tinyextrablood v formon the retina T block
dvnced ses, essels . hese
lig fromthe surfa of the m bra resulting in pa l or tota blindness.
ht ce em ne, rtia l

10.  T la m often used in the trea ent of this condition is pow byam of
he ser ost tm ered edium
a on g s. T doctor a s the bea throug the corneaa burns a a the ta le of blood
rg a he im m h nd wy ng
v cov the retina T procedure ta onlyafewm a ca be done in the
essels ering . he kes inutes nd n
doctor's office. T la ca a repa adeta retina tha ha broken loose from
he ser n lso ir ched —one t s
the rea pa of the ey ll. B the a ent of la deta retina ha to be
r rt eba efore dv sers ched s d
repa byha a beca the retinais so delica this ws av difficult opera to
ired nd, nd use te a ery tion
perform U the a on la the doctor ca a lly"w the torn retinaba in
. sing rg ser, n ctua eld" ck
pla It is perha astra e coincidence tha G G one of the orig l inv
ce. ps ng t ordon ould, ina entors
of the la la ha one of his ow retina repa this wy
ser, ter d n s ired a.
 A condition tha a the ey is g ucom , w is cha cterized bythe buildup of
nother t ffects e la a hich ra
fluid in the ey N a the ey na l fluids dra a a alittle a atim a the ey
e. orm lly e's tura in wy t e, nd e
stas hea . In ey im ired w g ucom the fluid does not dra properly a the
y lthy es pa ith la a in , nd
buildup a v blindness ca som es result. In som ca drug ca be used to
ffects ision; n etim e ses s n
trea g ucom . If the drug fa how er, m nydoctors nowturn to the la to aoid
t la a s il, ev a ser v
conv l surg . T la punches ahole in aprepla spot a the fluid dra out
entiona ery he ser nned nd ins
throug the hole. Aa the trea ent ca be perform in adoctor's office instea of a
h g in, tm n ed d
hospita l.

11. Usi ng L aser s for E ye Sur ger y
 T la w like asew m chine to repa adeta retina the
he ser orks ing a ir ched ,
m bra tha lines the interior of the ey T la bea is a
em ne t e. he ser m djusted
so tha it ca pa ha lesslythroug the lens a focus on tinyspots
t n ss rm h nd
a the da aed a of the retina W it is focused, the bea ha
round m g rea . hen m s
the intensityto "w or sea the deta a of the retinaba
eld" l ched rea ck
aa the wll of the ey ll.
g inst a eba
 P ps m exciting of a the ey rela la a tions is the
erha ost ll e- ted ser pplica
resha of the ey cornea atechnique w know a LS ( hich
ping e's , idely n s A w IK
sta for L a A ssisted I n S itu K era ilensis) AB H
nds ser- tom . s reck itz
describes it,

12.  T pa ey la prescription is litera ca ed inside the corneaw the bea of a excim
he tient's eg ss lly rv ith m n er
la [ala dev tha produces pulses of ultraiolet, or U, lig A a fla of the cornea
ser ser ice t v V ht]. sm ll p
is first rem ed w aprecision knife . . . a a
ov ith nd n
A pa underg ey surg perform byala bea . In
tient oes e ery ed ser m
a
ddition to trea deta retina la ca rem e ca ra
ting ched s, sers n ov ta cts.
inner portion of the corneais exposed to the excim la A
er ser. fter
the prescription is ca ed, the cornea fla tha ws opened is
rv l p t a
then put ba into pla ov the a ted [surg llya
ck ce er bla ica ltered]
cornea 6
.
LS does not com w risks. T cha es it m kes in the
A IK e ithout he ng a
corneaa perm nent, a the da er of unexpected da ae is ev
re a nd ng m g er
present. H ev the procedure ha becom increa lypopula
ow er, s e sing r
ea y r; a am Aerica ha it done in the y r 20,
ch ea bout illion m ns d ea 00
a a four thousa surg in the U S tes w tra
nd bout nd eons nited ta ere ined
to perform it.

13. Some Cosmeti c Uses of L aser s
 M l la a a w used for vrious ty of cosm surg , including
edica sers re lso idely a pes etic ery
the rem a of certa kinds of birthm rks. P w sta reddish purple skin
ovl in a ort- ine ins,
blotches tha a r on a three out of ev one thousa children, a a
t ppea bout ery nd re n
exa ple. S sta ca m rk a pa of the bodybut a m com onlyfound on
m uch ins n a ny rt re ost m
the fa a neck.
ce nd
 T m l la is a to rem e aport- ine sta for the sa e rea tha a
he edica ser ble ov w in m son t
m ryla is a to fla am g to asubm ed subm rine. B la ta
ilita ser ble sh essae erg a oth sers ke
a a g of the m
dvntae onochrom tic qua of la lig tha is, its a to shine
a lity ser ht, t bility
in one specific color. T sta is m de up of thousa of tinym lform blood
he in a nds a ed
v tha hae adefinite reddish purple color. T color v strong a
essels t v his ery ly bsorbs a
certa sha of g lig In fa tha is w the sta looks red. It a
in de reen ht. ct, t hy in bsorbs the
g a other colors in w lig but reflects the red ba to people's ey
reen nd hite ht ck es.

14. S a
till nother exa ple of ala a cosm procedure is the rem a of
m ser-ssisted etic ovl
unwnted ha "T la em ag bea of lig expla C g cosm
a ir. he ser its entle m ht," ins hicao etic
surg J M
eon effrey elton,
 w onlyis a
hich bsorbed in the ha follicle ( v the skin unha ed) T la
ir leaing rm . he ser
deliv energ w is a
ers y hich bsorbed in the ha a tra ed to hea T hea
ir nd nsform t. he t
destroy the ha follicle w asm ll fra of asecond. . . . Lser ha
s ir ithin a ction a ir
rem a is g for both fa l ha rem a a for bodyha rem a . . .
ovl ood cia ir ovl nd ir ovl.
P ps the m com onlytrea a s a fa l ha in w en. 7
erha ost m ted rea re cia ir om

15.  T trea the sta the doctor runs aw lowpow bea of g lig a the discolored
o t in, ide - er m reen ht cross
a . T m ss of blood v in the sta a
rea he a essels in bsorbs the energ la lig a becom so hot
etic ser ht nd es
tha it is a llyburned a a. T surrounding skin is adifferent color tha the sta so tha
t ctua wy he n in, t
skin a bsorbs onlysm ll a ounts of the bea a rem ins unburned. ( f course, the burned
a m m nd a O
 A doctor uses an argon laser toremoveaport-w stain, akind of birthm
ine ark.
Unw anted tissue is burned aw w norm skin remains undamaged.
ay hile al
 a s m hea a during this process som m sca som es occurs.) A ila m is
rea ust l, nd e inor rring etim sim r ethod
often successful in rem ing ta A ttoo is form w v strong dy a injected w
ov ttoos. ta ed hen ery es re ith
needles into aperson's skin. S eone w ha been ta
om ho s ttooed m ydecide la in life tha he or she
a ter t
does not wnt the ta a m a in the pa the onlywyto rem e these desig inv ed
a ttoo ny ore; nd st, a ov ns olv
surg or burning off the ta w a L , the la offers a a tiv to such
ery ttoo ith cid. uckily ser n lterna e
extrem m sures. T bea blea the dy in the ta w burning the surrounding skin.
e ea he m ches es ttoo ithout
( s in the ca of port- ine sta som lig sca is possible.)
A se w ins, e ht rring

16. L aser -A ssi sted D enti str y
D entistryis another bra of m
nch edicine tha ha benefited trem
t s endouslyfromla ser
technolog . Indeed, la hae m de som people stop drea av to the dentist. N
y sers v a e ding isit o
one enjoy haing acaitydrilled, of course. It usua requires a a
s v v lly n nesthetic ( pa
a inkiller
like nov ine) tha ca uncom ble num in the m a the sound of the
oca t uses forta bness outh; lso,
drill ca be irrita or ev sickening to som people.
n ting en e
 Mnydentists nowem a N YGla ( hich uses acry l for its la m )
a ploy n d-A ser w sta sing edium
instea of adrill for m caities. T la trea ent ta a a g of the sim fa
d ost v he ser tm kes dvntae ple ct
tha the m teria tha form in acaityis m softer tha the ena el ( ha pa of a
t a l t s v uch n m the rd rt
tooth) T la is set a apow tha is just strong enoug to elim te the decaed
. he ser t er t h ina y
tissue but not strong enoug to ha the ena el. W trea av deep caitybleeding
h rm m hen ting ery v
som es occurs, a the la bea often sea off blood v a stops the bleeding
etim nd ser m ls essels nd .

17.  T m often a question a trea caities w la is: D it hurt?T
he ost sked bout ting v ith sers oes he
a er is no. Ech burst of la lig fromadenta la la onlythirty
nsw a ser ht l ser sts -
trillionths of asecond, m fa tha the a ount of tim anerv ta to trig er
uch ster n m e e kes g
pa In other w the bea w hae to la 10 m tim long in order
in. ords, m ould v st 0 illion es er
to ca a discom S this sort of trea ent requires no a
use ny fort. o tm nesthetic.
 T a litera hundreds of other m l uses for the la S num
here re lly edica ser. till, erous
m l conditions ca be helped byla lig A ev in those tha do respond
edica nnot ser ht. nd en t
to la trea ents, adoctor m yhae ag rea for choosing adifferent m
ser tm a v ood son ethod
in aspecific ca T pla fa is tha w the la is am rv m l tool,
se. he in ct t, hile ser a elous edica
it ca cure ev ill. Y the w ha seen proba onlyasm ll fra of the
nnot ery et orld s bly a ction
la potentia A a this supertool ha onlyexisted since 190 a considering
ser's l. fter ll, s 6, nd,
the m l a a it a dyha crea the future a rs prom indeed.
edica dvnces lrea s ted, ppea ising

18. A a g of Lsers for D l S ery
dvntaes a enta urg
 In this excerpt froma a in The Dental Clinics of N ort A m
n rticle h erica
R AS uss of the M l C e of V iniam
obert . tra edica olleg irg entions som of the a a g
e dvntaes
of using la for ora surg .
sers l ery
 D sed post- tiv sw is cha cteristic of la use [for ora surg ].
ecrea opera e elling ra ser l ery
D sed sw a s for increa sa w perform surg w the
ecrea elling llow sed fety hen ing ery ithin
a a [the m . . . a increa the ra e of surg tha ora surg ca
irwy outh] nd ses ng ery t l eons n
performsa w fea of a a com ise. T effect a s the surg to
fely ithout r irwy prom his llow eon
performm nyprocedures in a office or outpa fa tha prev w
a n tient cility t iously ould
hae required hospita tion. . . . T hea a sca a a im ed
v liza issue ling nd rring re lso prov
w the use of the la . . . Lser w g llyhea w m a sca
ith ser. a ounds enera l ith inim l r
form tion a . . . often ca be left unsutured [w stitches], a
a nd n ithout nother distinct
aa g
dvntae