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Ölsande und sonstige Bodenschätze Grenzen der Nutzung in Kanada und Alaska - Ölvorkommen
Kanada – Land des Nordens (nach L.E. Hamelin) Louis Edmond Hamelin unterscheidet: Extreme North (ca. 20%) Far North (ca. 30 %) Middle North (ca. 40 %) Base Canada (= ca. 10%)
Klimatische Bedingungen
Ölreserven und Exporte Weltweit Weltweite Ölreserven Exportprognosen 2015 & 2030
Kanadische Ölvorkommen
Pipelineverlegung im arktischen Eis
Bohrinsel in der Mündung des Mackenzie Rivers
Hafen von Tuktuyaktuk
-Mischung aus Wasser, Ton, Silikaten und Kohlenwasserstoffen ( zähflüssiges Bitumen ) -Kohlenwasserstoffanteil zwischen 1% und 18% ( < 7% noch unwirtschaftlich ) -2 Tonnen Ölsand ergeben ca. 1 Barrel Rohöl  -Weiter Lagerstätten : Venezuela, Utah, Saudi-Arabien Kanadas Ölsandvorkommen
Verfahren der Ölsandgewinnung ,[object Object]
„ In-Situ“ : Verfahren um Bitumen aus tieferen Schichten >75m zu fördern
Am gebräuchlichsten SAGD( „steam assisted gravity drainage“)
Basiert auf dem Prinzip des „Hydrockraking“
Ölsandprojekte
Alaska Ölgewinnung
Trans Alaska Pipeline -erbaut '74-'77 nach Ölfunden in Prudhoe Bay  '68 -Überbrückt 1287  km von N nach S -höchster Durchfluss 330.000m³/Tag 1988 -insg schon 16.000 Tanker schon befüllt ( 13 Mrd Barrel )

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Alaska Kanada Öl & Ölsand