The cardiovascular system functions to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues while removing waste. The heart is divided into four chambers that pump blood through two circuits - one to the lungs and back, and another to the body and back. Blood vessels include arteries, which carry blood away from the heart, and veins, which carry blood back to the heart through capillaries where nutrient exchange occurs. The cardiac cycle involves alternating atrial and ventricular contractions that generate blood pressure and flow through the heart and circulatory system.
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