Workshop - Best of Both Worlds_ Combine KG and Vector search for enhanced R...
Poverty
1.
2. India suffers from a lot of poverty, w
]
Monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below Rs. 356.35 f
3.
4. Global Institute. This study found 54%
of the people living in India were living
on a household income of less than
90,000 rupees a year. That means about a
dollar per person per day.
National Commission for Enterprises in
the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS)
published a report in 2007. This report
state, 77% of Indians (that means 836
million people), lived on less than 20
rupees per day (USD 0.50 nominal, USD
2.0 in PPP). Most of them have no job or
5. One of the problems with
estimating poverty in India is a
lack of consistent and reliable
numbers. McKinsey study quoted
above (46% at $1 a day or above
for a household size of 5) is off
by a factor compared to 77%
under $0.5 a day by NCEUS. To
add insult to injury here are some
industry numbers that do not fit
6.
7. [4] in Jan 2008; about 400 million in mid 2009 and
slated to easily cross 500 Million [5] in 2010 with a
current growth rate of over 10 million new cell phones
a month. A growth that is clearly not abating. At
$20-$200 per cell phone and $0.02-$0.04 a minute
rate, it is a luxury that folks earning $1 a day cannot
afford after paying for food, housing, clothes.
•2001 numbers for basic amenities from census bureau
[6] for percentage household reach were Bi-cycles
(45%); TV (31%); radio (33%) do not fit well with
77% under $0.5 a day. All these numbers tally well
with industry news. Do note this is 2001 census,
about 7 years before 77% under $.5 a day was
computed. These are amenities households at $1 a day
per person cannot afford let alone those with $0.5 a
day per person. The country has grown between
8.
9. The Developmentalist View: According to
this view, India suffers from poverty due to
colonial exploitation.
The Neoliberal View: According to this
view, the following are the causes of
poverty.
Unemployment and underemployment
Lack of property rights
Dependence on agriculture
High population growth rate
Caste system
II – N . China 1920s , Soviet 1920s –1940s , China’s ‘Great Leap Forward’ early 1960s III – N. Korea’s late 1990s - Famine has shifted from the Northern Hemisphere and Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Since 1980s, famines have resided in the Horn of Africa , Shift is associated with drop in famine mortality (smaller populations in Africa than Asia)
- Famines always have political dimensions - Traditionally triggered by nat disasters, with weak local economies, lacking political will & logistical cap to intervene - During colonial period in Africa and Asia, natural triggers and political vulnerability initially increased - Late colonial period mass mortality diminished with developments in communication, transport infrastructure, early warning systems and relief intervention mechanisms
After independence, India continued to reduce political vulnerability factors Microeconomic vulnerability – household poverty Pol. Instability – civil wars, counter-insurgency, militurization
Conflict – Mozambique, Liberia Drought – Ethiopia and Sudan
![India suffers from a lot of poverty, w
]
Monthly per capita consumption expenditure is below Rs. 356.35 f](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)