This document discusses the presentation, evaluation, and management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). It provides the following key points:
- UGIB requires rapid initial management including airway protection, IV access, fluid resuscitation, and blood products as needed. Endoscopy is then performed to identify the bleeding source.
- Common causes of UGIB include esophageal varices, gastric/duodenal ulcers, and gastric neoplasms. Management depends on the identified source and may involve medical, endoscopic, or surgical treatment.
- Bleeding from duodenal/gastric ulcers is initially treated medically and through endoscopic control attempts. Surgery is considered if bleeding cannot