Livercancer or Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers in the world which have a high incidence of Hepatitis B infection. Apart from Hepatitis B, it may be caused by other diseases that lead to cirrhosis of the liver such as Hepatitis C infection, and alcohol abuse.

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Livercancer or Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers in the world
which have a high incidence of Hepatitis B infection. Apart from Hepatitis B, it may be caused
by other diseases that lead to cirrhosis of the liver
such as Hepatitis C infection, and alcohol abuse.
Unfortunately, like many other cancers, liver
cancer may go undetected until a late stage. It is
often brought to attention by an ultrasound or CT
scan done for pain in the upper abdomen or
another unrelated symptom. Liver cancers are
malignant tumors that grow on the surface or
inside the liver. Typers of liver cancer are Hepatocellular Carcinoma
, Cholangiocarcinoma , Hepatoblastoma andAngiosarcoma or Hemangiosarcoma
Each person is unique, each cancer is unique
No treatment or treatment plan is right for every person or every cancer. Only by working closely
with their doctor can patients decide what treatment or combination of treatments may best fit
their unique situation.

2. Factors in treating liver cancer
Recommended treatments for liver cancer can depend on:
 a patient’s age, overall health, physiology and pre-existing conditions
 the number of tumors and degree of invasion of other tissues (stage)
 the degree of liver damage or dysfunction
 the tumor location(s) and proximity to major blood vessels, bile ducts or other organs
 the type of cancer, including whether it is primary or secondary
 the degree of cancer cell resemblance to surrounding tissue (grade)
 a patient’s individual preferences
Treatment strategies
Treatments for cancer may involve:
 surgical removal of cancerous tissue
 destroying cancerous tissue with drugs or other chemicals
 using hot or cold energy, such as from microwaves, ultrasound, radiofrequency or super-cooled
high pressure gases
 radiation
Many treatment plans attack cancer by using multiple therapies, enabling customization to the
unique physiologies, conditions and preferences of patients.
Resection methods
Surgeons often use two methods to perform a
surgical liver resection: laparoscopic surgery or
open surgery. A laparoscopic surgery is a
minimally invasive procedure that allows the
surgeon to access the liver through a few small
"porthole" incisions. The surgeon performs the
procedure using a laparoscope, a device that

3. provides a camera view of the liver. The surgeon will also access the organ through ports for
the surgical instruments. During open surgery, the surgeon makes a larger incision in the
abdomen to access the liver directly.
Chemotherapy is a treatment that uses drugs to destroy cancerous tissue in the body. Normal
cells typically grow and die in a controlled cycle; cancerous cells keep dividing, uncontrollably
forming more cells. Chemotherapy drugs destroy cancer cells by stopping them from growing
or multiplying. These drugs can also be harmful to healthy cells, especially those that divide
quickly. This may cause side effects such as hair loss. Healthy cells usually can repair
themselves after chemotherapy.
Some types of cancer respond better than others to chemotherapy. The chemotherapy drug(s)
selected depend on the type of cancer and other factors.
Because some drugs work better in combination with others than alone, two or more drugs are
often given at the same time. This is called combination chemotherapy.
A transplant is when one organ, or part of an organ, is transferred from a donor to a recipient.
For liver cancer patients, a liver transplant is one treatment option that is considered to be
potentially curative, provided the cancer is indeed confined to the liver.
Few patients with liver cancer are candidates for a liver transplant. It is not an option for
people withsecondary liver cancer, and it is an option for only a small percentage of people
with primary liver cancer. In most cases, since liver cancer symptoms may not manifest until
later stages of the disease, the cancer may be too large or have spread outside the liver by the
time it is diagnosed.
COMPLETE LIVERTRANSPLANT
Liver transplantation is an option for some
patients if the cancer has not spread to
other organs, is below a total maximum size
and a suitable liver can be found. The most
common transplant procedure involves
complete replacement with a healthy liver
from a non-living donor. This is sometimes
called deceased donor liver
transplant (DDLT).
The average wait time for a donor liver is 796 days.1 Due to tumor growth (progression) while
waiting for a matching liver, most eligible people will need other medical interventions, such
aslocal ablation, before receiving a liver. These other interventions may help control tumor

4. growth so the patient can remain on the transplant list. If the cancer spreads outside the liver
or grows too large while a person awaits a liver, he or she may become ineligible.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy, sometimes called radiotherapy, is the delivery of high doses of radiation to a
defined local area of the body.
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