Liver cancer or Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers in the world which have a high incidence of Hepatitis B infection. Apart from Hepatitis B, it may be caused by other diseases that lead to cirrhosis of the liver such as Hepatitis C infection, and alcohol abuse. Unfortunately, like many other cancers, liver cancer may go undetected until a late stage. It is often brought to attention by an ultrasound or CT scan done for pain in the upper abdomen or another unrelated symptom. Liver cancers are malignant tumors that grow on the surface or inside the liver. Typers of liver cancer are Hepatocellular Carcinoma , Cholangiocarcinoma , Hepatoblastoma and Angiosarcoma or Hemangiosarcoma

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Most Advanced Nonsurgical Treatments for
Liver Cancer in India
Liver cancer or Hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) is one of the commonest cancers in
the world which have a high incidence of
Hepatitis B infection. Apart from
Hepatitis B, it may be caused by other
diseases that lead to cirrhosis of the liver
such as Hepatitis C infection, and alcohol
abuse.
Unfortunately, like many other cancers,
liver cancer may go undetected until a late
stage. It is often brought to attention by an ultrasound or CT scan done for pain in the
upper abdomen or another unrelated symptom. Liver cancers are malignant tumors that
grow on the surface or inside the liver.

2. Typers of liver cancer are
HepatocellularCarcinoma , Cholangiocarcinoma , Hepatoblastoma and Angi
osarcoma or Hemangiosarcoma
Liver cancer is usually diagnosed with a number of different tests, which may include:
 Blood tests: Tocheck your general health and check for a chemical usually found
inincreased levels in people with primary liver cancer.
 Ultrasound: A picture of the liver is taken using sound waves.
 Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A specialised x-ray taken from many different angles
to build a three-dimensional (3-D) picture of the body.
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Similar to a CT scan, but uses a powerful magnet
and magnetic field instead of x-rays tobuild an image of the body.
 Liver Biopsy: A small piece of liver tissue is removed with a needle and examined for
cancer cells.
 Laparoscopy: A small cut in the lower abdomen is made and this allows a thinmini-
telescope (laparoscope) to be inserted to look at the liver and take a sample of liver
tissue.
 Needle Biopsy: Needle biopsy, also called image-guided biopsy, is usually performed using
a (MR) to guide the procedure. In many cases, needle biopsies are performed with the
aid of equipment that creates a computer-generated image and allows radiologists to see
an area inside the body from various angles. This “stereotactic” equipment helps them
pinpoint the exact location of the abnormal tissue.
 Large Core Needle Biopsy: In this technique, a special needle is used that enables the
radiologist to obtain a larger biopsy sample. This technique is often used to obtain tissue
samples from lumps or other abnormalities in the breast that are detected by physical
examination or on mammograms or other imaging scans. moving X-ray technique
(fluoroscopy) computed tomography (CT), ultrasound or magnetic resonance.

3. Liver Cancer Treatment in India
 Surgery: Procedure to remove a portion of the
liver. Your doctor may recommend partial
hepatectomy to remove the liver cancer and a
small portion of healthy tissue that surrounds it
if your tumor is small and your liver function is
good.
 Transplant Surgery: During liver transplant
surgery, your diseased liver is removed and
replaced with a healthy liver from a donor. Liver transplant surgery may be an option
for people with early-stage liver cancer who also have cirrhosis.
 Freezing Cancer Cells: Cryoablation uses extreme cold to destroy cancer cells. During
the procedure, your doctor places the instrument (cryoprobe) containing liquid nitrogen
directly onto liver tumor.
 Heating Cancer Cells: In a procedure called radiofrequency ablation, electric current is
used to heat and destroy cancer cells. It is also called hyperthermia cancer treatment.
 Injecting Alcohol: During alcohol injection, pure alcohol is injected directly into
tumors, either through the skin or during an operation. Alcohol dries out the cells of the
tumor and eventually the cells die.
 Chemoembolization: A type of chemotherapy treatment that supplies strong anti-
cancer drugs directly to the liver. It is palliative and not curative treatment.
 Radiation Therapy: This treatment uses high-powered energy beams to destroy cancer
cells and shrink tumors.
 Targeted Drug Therapy: Drugs designed to interfere with a tumor’s ability to generate
new blood vessels.
Nonsurgical Treatmentsfor Liver Cancer at World Class
Hospitals in India
1) Chemoembolization: Chemoembolization is a minimally invasive treatment for
liver cancer that can be used when there is too much tumor to treat with radiofrequency
ablation (RFA), when the tumor is in a location that cannot be treated with RFA, or in
combination with RFA or other treatments. In this the anticancer drug is given along
with another substance that blocks the hepatic artery. (artery supplying the liver). Thus

4. the anticancer drug is gets concentrated in the cancerous portion of the
liver.2)Radiofrequency Ablation: For inoperable liver tumors, radiofrequency
ablation (RFA) offers a nonsurgical, localized treatment that kills the tumor cells with
heat, while sparing the healthy liver tissue. Thus, this treatment is much easier on the
patient than systemic therapy.
3) Cryosurgery: It is a treatment that uses an instrument to freeze and destroy
abnormal tissue, such as cancerous cells. This type of treatment is also called
Cryotherapy. The doctor may use ultrasound to guide the instrument.
4) Drugs called radio-sensitizers may be given with the radiation therapy tomake
the cancer cells more sensitive to radiation therapy.
5) Percutaneous Ethanol Injection: Percutaneous ethanol injection is a cancer
treatment in which a small needle is used to inject ethanol (alcohol) directly into a
tumor to kill cancer cells. The procedure may be done once or twice a week. Usually
local anesthesia is used, but if the patient has many tumors in the liver, general
anesthesia may be needed.
6) Hyperthermia Therapy: Hyperthermia therapy is a type of treatment in which
body tissue is exposed to high temperatures todamage and kill cancer cells or to make
cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anticancer drugs.
Because some cancer cells are more sensitive to heat than normal cells are, the cancer
cells die and the tumor shrinks.
7) Biologic Therapy: Biologic therapy is a treatment that uses the patient’s immune
system tofight cancer. Substances made by the body or made in a laboratory are used to
boost, direct, or restore the body’s natural defenses against cancer. This type of cancer
treatment is also called biotherapy or immunotherapy.
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