3. ASSONANCE & CONSONANCE
• Definitions:
• Assonance: repetition of
vowel sounds in words
near one another
Example: It seems I keep
seeing memes!
• Consonance: repetition
of consonant sounds at
the end of words near
one another
Example: The dove
moved above the waves.
4. RHYME: END RHYME
• Definition: End rhyme is the most common form of
rhyme. The rhyming words end each line.
Example:
It runs through the reeds
And away it proceeds,
Through meadow and glade,
In sun and in shade.
5. RHYME: INTERNAL RHYME
• Definition: a rhyme involving a word in the middle of
a line and another at the end of the line or in the
middle of the next
Example:
“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. “
(“The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe)
6. ENJAMBMENT
• Definition: The continuation of a phrase/sentence
beyond the end of a line of verse
Example:
“A thing of beauty is a joy forever:
Its loveliness increases; it will never
Pass into nothingness but still will keep
A bower quiet for us, and asleep
Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.”
(“Endymion” by John Keats)
7. FOOT
• Definition: The metrical unit by
which a line of poetry is
measured.
• Iambic foot: the more popular foot
used in poetry. This is one unstressed
syllable followed by one stressed
syllable such as in the word “away.”
• Trochaic foot: the less common foot
found in poetry. One stressed
syllable followed by one unstressed
foot such as in the word “lovely.”
8. METER
• Definition: When a rhythmic pattern of stresses
recurs in a poem
• Metrical patterns are determined by the type and
number of feet in a line of verse.
10. IMAGERY
• Definition: an appeal to the senses (you can see it, hear it, feel it,
taste it, smell it)
Example: This is an excerpt from “Preludes,” an imagery poem by T. S. Eliot. You can
almost see and hear the horse steaming and stamping and smell the steaks:
The winter evening settles down
With smell of steaks in passageways.
Six o'clock.
The burnt-out ends of smoky days.
And now a gusty shower wraps
The grimy scraps
Of withered leaves about your feet
And newspapers from vacant lots;
The showers beat
On broken blinds and chimney-pots,
And at the corner of the street
A lonely cab-horse steams and stamps.
And then the lighting of the lamps.
11. METAPHOR
• Definition: Metaphor A metaphor is a figure of
speech that makes a comparison between two
unlike things, without using the word like or as.
15. STANZA
• Definition: In poetry, stanza refers to a grouping of
lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set
pattern of meter and rhyme. (A “paragraph” of
poetry)
• Two line stanza: couplet
• Three line stanza: tercet
• Four line stanza: quatrain
• Five line stanza: cinquain/quintain/quintet
• Six line stanza: sextet/sixain/hexastich/sestet
• Seven line stanza: septet
• Eight line stanza: octave/octet
16. KINDS OF POETRY: CONCRETE
• Concrete Poem: the poem looks like its subject
Example:
17. KINDS OF POETRY: DIAMANTE
• Definition: a single unrhymed and untitled stanza
with a visual structure shaped like a
diamond
18. KINDS OF POETRY
• Ballad: A form of narrative poetry(tells a story)
• Blank Verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter
• Epic: A long narrative poem, told in a formal,
elevated style, that focuses on a serious subject
and chronicles heroic deeds and events important
to a culture or nation.
• Free Verse: poetry that is written without proper
rules about form, rhyme, rhythm, and meter.
19. KINDS OF POETRY
• Lyric poetry: A type of brief poem that expresses the
personal emotions and thoughts of a single speaker
(Other kinds of poetry can come in lyrical form. For
example, a lyrical haiku, a lyrical ode, a lyrical elegy,
etc…)
Elegy: A mournful, contemplative lyric poem written
to commemorate someone who is dead
Ode: A lyrical poem that addresses a particular
subject
20. KINDS OF POETRY: HAIKU
• Definition: A Japanese form of poetry written in
three lines with the syllables 5-7-5.
21. LIMERICK
• Definition: a humorous, frequently bawdy, verse of
three long and two short lines rhyming aabba
22. SONNET
• Definition: A fixed form of lyric poetry that consists of
fourteen lines, usually written in iambic pentameter.
• Italian Sonnet
• abba abba (the remaining six lines are flexible c,d,e)
• Shakespearean (or English) sonnet
• abab cdcd efef gg