1. READING
PRE-READING
WHILE-READING
POST-READING
SKIMMING
SCANNING

2. PRE-READING
 Figure out your purpose of reading
 State what you know about the topic
 Look at the questions that follow the text (if any)
WHILE-READING
 Write down your thoughts
 Identify the writer’s main points
 Highlight any words, phrases or sentences that interest you

3. POST-READING
 Think again about what you have read
 Write down your opinion
 Answer the questions that follow (if any)
 Discuss with your friends about the topic

4. SKIMMING
 A reading skill used to get the general idea of the text
 Quicker-it is done in 3 to 4 times quicker than normal
reading
 Employed when readers have a lot to read in a short time
 Look out for key words, phrases, headings, subheadings to
get the general idea
 E.g reading newspapers, flipping through magazines, surfing
the Internet

5. SCANNING
 A selective reading skill used to find specific information
quicker
 Involves quick eye movement down the page to look for
specific words, phrases or sentences
 Readers do not read everything in detail but pay attention to
only specific parts that may concern the information sought
after
 E.g looking for cupcakes recipe in a cookbook, searching for
an electrician in Yellow Pages, looking for an answer in a
specific paragraph

6. GRAMMAR
NOUNS
PRONOUNS

7. NOUNS
 Words or expressions that refers to people, places, things
and activity
 Countable and Uncountable nouns
COUNTABLE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
A panda is missing from the zoo Sugar is not good for our health
A lot of pandas are missing from A lot of sugar is not good for our
the zoo health

8.  Concrete and Abstract nouns
CONCRETE ABSTRACT
five senses: you see them, You cannot see them,
hear them, smell them, hear them, smell them,
taste them, and feel taste them, or feel them.
them.
student intelligence
fire fighter bravery
dog loyalty
pencil eloquence
computer convenience

9.  Collective nouns
 Group or class that is composed of members
army council minority
audience department navy
board faculty public
cabinet family school
class firm senate
committee group society
company jury team
corporation majority troupe

10.  Common and Proper nouns
Common Noun Proper Noun
writer Muhammad Haji Salleh
lecturer Miss Dia
cat Garfield
cookie Oreo
city Johor Bahru
restaurant Secret Recipe
university UiTM

11.  Gerunds
 Every gerund ends with –ing but not every word that ends with
–ing is gerund
 Gerunds show activities, present participles show actions
GERUNDS PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Masyi’s hobby is shopping Masyi is shopping some dresses
Shima and Aan enjoy swimming I cannot eat with Shima and Aan
more than watching Upin & Ipin because they are swimming right
now
When he was alive, singing was Fall Out Boys are singing
Michael Jackson’s talent Michael Jackson’s song in
Singapore

12. PRONOUN
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
POSESSIVE PRONOUNS
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

13.  Personal pronouns- replace nouns
 E.g I, you, he, she, it, we, they, you
 Reflexive pronouns- reflect and emphasizes nouns
 E.g myself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves, yourself,
yourselves
 She always hurts herself in P.E. class
 Possessive pronouns- shows ownership of the nouns
 E.g my, mine, your, yours, our, ours, his, hers
 Relative pronouns- relates the information that comes after them
to specific nouns
 E.g students who are lazy will be kicked out
 Interrogative pronouns- form questions
 E.g what, when, how, who, why, where