Nursing perspective in Nepal by Raj Kumar Mehta, International Nurses Day 2014 : nursing perspective.

1. 1
“International Nurses Day 2014 - Nepalese Perspectives”
(Published in Popular News National Weekly on year 2nd
, no.
41, 42 and 43, May 14, 21 and 28, 2014)
Raj Kumar Mehta, MSN (Critical Care), RN
Associate Professor at Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur.
Ex-Chief Nursing Officer At Nobel Medical College Teaching
Hospital, Biratnagar.

2. 2
cGt{/fli6«o gl;{Ë lbj; @)!$ M Ps ;Gbe{cGt{/fli6«o gl;{Ë lbj; @)!$ M Ps ;Gbe{cGt{/fli6«o gl;{Ë lbj; @)!$ M Ps ;Gbe{cGt{/fli6«o gl;{Ë lbj; @)!$ M Ps ;Gbe{
cfhsf] lbg cyf{t d] !@ ljZj e/L /x]sf gl;{Ë k]zfsdL{x?sf] ljz]if dxTjsf] lbg
cyf{t ljz]if kj{ cGt{/fli6«o gl;{Ë lbj; ljleGg sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf u/L
w'dwfdsf ;fy dgfO{/x]sf 5f}+ . cGt{/fli6«o gl;{Ë lbj; x/]s jif{ cfhsf] cfw'lgs
gl;{Ësf] kyk|b{zs kmnf]/]G; gfOl6Ënsf] hGdlbgsf] z'e cj;/ kf/]/ cGt{/fli6«o
gl;{Ë kl/ifb -ICN_ sf] cfxjfgdf ljz]if gf/fsf ;fy dgfOg] ul/Psf] 5 . o; jif{ -
ICN_ sf] gf/f Psbd} ;do ;fk]If / dxTjk"0f{ / ;fGble{s 5 . o; jif{sf] gf/f o;
k|sf/sf] 5 . g;{x? kl/jt{gsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ zlQm tyf :jf:Yosf] nflu Ps
dxTjk"0f{ ;+;fwg xf] . jf:tjdf ljZjdf g} :jf:Yo If]qsf] ljsf; tyf hgtfsf]
:jf:Yodf gl;{Ë k]zfsdL{x?sf] cu|ufdL tyf ljz]if of]ubfg /x]sf] kfO{G5 / cfhsf]
o; k'lgt cj;/df d cfkmgf] JolQmut tkm{af6 ;Dk"0f{ b]z tyf ljb]zdf /x]sf gl;{Ë
k]zfsdL{x?df xflb{s z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' .
sf] lyP kmsf] lyP kmsf] lyP kmsf] lyP kmnf]/]G; gfOl6Ën <nf]/]G; gfOl6Ën <nf]/]G; gfOl6Ën <nf]/]G; gfOl6Ën <
kmnf]/]G; gfOl6Ënsf] hGd d] dlxgfsf] !@ tfl/v !*@) df ePsf] lyof] / pxfFsf]
gfd pxfF hGd]sf] zx/sf] gfddf /flvPsf] lyof] . jxfFsf] wlg cfdf afa' o'/f]ksf]
e|d0fsf] lznlznfdf kmnf]/]G; zx/df lyP . !*#& df gfOl6Ën nfO{ O{Zj/n] s]lx
dxTjk"0f{ sfd ug{nfO{ cfjxfg u/]sf] h:tf] cg'e'lt ug'{eof] t/ Tof] sfd s] x'g'k5{
eg]/ To;af/]df kSsf lyPg . Tolx a]nfdf Tof] /fd|f] sfd s] x'g ;S5 eg]/ k|oTg/t
ePsf] a]nf jxfFdf gl;{Ë k|lt rf;f] a9of] . t/ jxfFsf] cfdf afa'n] cfkmgf] ju{ /
k[i7e'lddf ePsf dlxnfnfO{ gl;{Ë k]zf cgpko'Qm eGb} jxfFFnfO{ Ps g;{sf] ?kdf
k|lzIfLt ug{ lbg'ePg . a? jxFfsf] cfdfafa'n] jxfFsf] /fd|/L ljx] u/LlbP/ Ps
kf/Dk/Ls pRr ju{sf] dlxnfsf] lhjg ljtfpg] OR5f ug'{eof] t/ Tof] s'/f lsdfy{
kmnf]/]G; gfO{l6ËnfO{ clnstL klg dg k/]g / cGttf]uTj jxfFsf] cfdfafa'n] jxfFnfO{
!*%! df hd{gLsf] s}z/jy{df # dlxgfsf] nflu gl;{Ëdf k|lzIf0fsf] nflu hfg
cg'dlt k|bfg ug'{eof] . Tof] k|lzIf0f kZrft kmnf]/]G; gfOl6Ën !*%# df xfn]{
uNnLdf /x]sf] h]G6ncf]d]g c:ktfndf pgL ;'kl/6]G8]G6 ag] . To;} jif{ qmfOldlog o'4
;'? eof] / rf8}g} cvjf/x?df 3fO{t] la|l6; l;kfxLx?sf] nflu plrt lrlsT;f
;'ljwfsf] cefj /x]sf] l/kf]6{x? k|sflzt eP . Toltv]/ o'4 d+qL -jf/ ldlg:6/_ l;8gL

3. 3
xj{6nfO{ kmnf]/]G; gfOl6Ënsf] af/]df /fd|/L hfgsf/L lyof] / 6sL{df ;}lgs
c:ktfndf g;{x?sf] cg'udgsf] nflu kmnf]/]G; gfOl6ËnnfO{ cfu|x ul/of] . !*%$
sf] gf]e]Dj/df pgL cfkmgf] ;xsdL{ ;lxt 6sL{ cfO{k'u] . To; c:ktfndf pgL cfkmgf
;xsdL{x?;Fu lbg/ft lj/fdLsf] x]/ljrf/ u/]/ lj/fdLx?sf] :jf:Yo cj:yfdf lgs}g}
;'wf/ Nofpg ;kmn x'g'eof] / d[To'b/ 36fpgdf klg jxfFsf] k|z+;lgo of]ubfg /xof] .
Toltv]/ jxfFn] cfkm'n] u/]sf] k|z+;lgo sfo{ jfkt /fd|f] pkgfd -lgs g]d_ xfl;n
ug'{eof] æThe Lady with Lamp Æ .
plg ;g !*%^ df OËNof08 kms]{ . pgn] !*^) df n08g l:yt ;]+6 yf]d;
c:ktfndf g;{x?sf] nflu gfOl6Ën 6«]lgË :s'nsf] :yfkgf u/] . ToxfFaf6 k|lzlIft
g;{x?nfO{ la|6]g e/Lsf] c:ktfnx?df sfd ug{ k7fO{of] / ToxfF ltgLx?n] gfOl6Ën
df]8ndf cfwf/Lt l;s]sf lzk, ljrf/, tl/sf, 1fgnfO{ Jojxf/df ptf/] . jxfFn]
k|ltkfbg u/]sf] l;4fGt gf]6; cg gl;{Ë !*^) df k|sflzt eof] / Tof] s[lt w]/}
k|efjzfnL lyof] / cfh klg 5 . h;df ;/;kmfO{, ;}Go :jf:Yo / c:ktfnsf] of]hgf
tyf ultljlwx? ;d]6L To; ;DaGwL :yflkt Jojxf/x?÷lqmofsnfkx? cfhsf] lbgdf
klg plts} cl:tTj af]s]sf] kfO{G5 . To:t}, pgsf c? k|sflzt s[ltx?df :jf:YonfO{
c;/ ug]{ s'/fx?, la|l6; ;]gfsf] c:ktfnsf] Ifdtf tyf k|zf;g - Efficiency
and hospital administration of British Army !*%& _. To:t}
c:ktfnsf] jf/]df gf]6; cg x:kL6N;df !*%( ;DaGwL s[ltx?n] ;/;kmfO{ tyf
lj/fdLx?sf] ;du| pkrf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg d2t ug'{sf ;fy} Pp6f sf]z]9'Ëfsf]
?kdf :yflkt eof] / cfhsf] ldltdf klg ljsl;t b]zx?df jxfFsf] ljrf/nfO{
cg'z/0f u/]sf 5g . To;kl5 klg jxfFn] w]/}g} gofF gl;{Ë 6«]lgË :s'nx?sf] :yfkgf
ug'{sf ;fy} kl5sf jif{x?df bh{gf}+ ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo ;Fu ;DaGwLt lstfax? tyf
krf{x? k|sflzt u/] . jxfFn] Toltv]/ :jf:Yo If]qdf k'of{pg'ePsf] of]ubfgnfO{ sb/
ub}{ !**# df /flg leS6f]/Lofn] /f]on /]8qm;n] lje'lift u/] . To; jfx]s !()& df
pgL c8/ ckm d]/L6 k|fKt ug]{ klxnf] dlxnf eP . To; jfx]s klg jxfFsf] ;Demg]
nfos of]ubfgx?sf] nfdf] ;'rL /x]sf] 5 h;dWo] d oxfF s]lx pNn]v ug{ rfxG5' .
;'?df lj/fdLx?nfO{ Pp6} 7fFpdf÷sf]7fdf /fVg] rng lyof] / To;/L lj/fdLnfO{ /fVbf
lj/fdL lgsf] x'g] ;Defjgf sd / d[To'b/ klg al9 ePsf] x'gfn] kmnf]/]G; gfOl6Ënn]
g} klxnf] k6s lj/fdLx?sf] cfjZostf / k|s[tLx? ljleGg efudf jlu{s/0f u/]/

4. 4
clxn]sf] ljleGg jf8{x? h:t} d]l8sn, ;lh{sn, pkrf/ sIf u/L 5'6ofP/ /fVg]
sfdsf] ;'?jft ug'{eof] . clxn]sf] ;3g pkrf/ sIf -ICU_ sf] cjwf/0ffsf] >]o
klg kmnf]/]G; gfOl6ËnnfO{g} hfG5 . ljZjs} Sjflnl6 P;'/]G;sf] af/]df Oltxf; x]g]{ xf]
eg] !* lj=l;=df j]ljnf]gsf] /fhf xfd'/fjLn] klxnf] k6s nfu' ug]{ sf]l;z u/]sf] lyof]
eg] ;g !*^) df bf]>f] JolQm kmnf]/]G; gfOl6Ënn] qmfloldogsf] o'4 ePsf] a]nf
c:ktfndf lj/fdL x]/rfxsf] nflu gl;{Ë :6fG8{/ agfP/ nfu' u/]sf lyP . / w]/}kl5
!(*) df cfP/ WHO n] o'/f]ke/L Soflnl6 P;'/]G; sfo{qmd nfu' ug{ cfu|x u/]sf]
lyof] . / !(*& df cfP/ 6f]6n Sjflnl6 Dofg]hd]G6 TQM sfo{qmd :jf:Yo ;Fu
;DaGwLt k|lti7fgx?df nfu' eof] . kmnf]/]G; gfOl6Ën /fd|f] :6fl6l;og . jxfFnfO{ f -
Father of Hospital Administration sf] ?kdf klg kl/lrt x'g'x'G5 .
jxfFsf] d[To' cu:t !#, !(!) df ePsf] lyof] . ef}lts ?kdf of] ;+;f/df gePklg
jxFf x/]s g;{sf] dfg;k6sdf /xg ;kmn x'g' ePsf] 5 . jxfFn] of] ;+;f/nfO{ :jf:Yo
If]qdf k'of{pg'ePsf] of]ubfgsf] hlt k|z+;f u/]klg Tof] sd x'G5 a? jxfFsf] dfu{bz{g
cg';f/ ;+;f/sf ;a} gl;{Ë k]zfsdL{, :jf:Yo;Fu cfa4 lglt lgdftf{x?n] klg cf–
cfkmgf] If]qaf6 pxFf h:t} pTs[i6 sfo{ ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 / cfhsf] lbgdf jxfFnfO{ d
;nfdL ck{0f ug{ rfxG5' .
gl;{Ë k]zfM kl/rogl;{Ë k]zfM kl/rogl;{Ë k]zfM kl/rogl;{Ë k]zfM kl/ro
gl;{Ë Pp6f gf]jn k]zf xf] . gl;{Ë k]zf snfsf] lx;fjn] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] / Joj;fosf]
lx;fjn] sfG5f] /x]sf] 5 . gl;{Ë dxTjk"0f{ ljljw /+lug 36gfqmdx? / dflg;n]
el/Psf] Ps nfdf] / wlg cGt{/fli6«o ;Dkbf xf] . g;{x? cfkmgf] ljlzi7 / km/s /fo
/ k|ltefjfg JolQmsf] sf/0fn] ;dfhsf] w]/} d'Nojfg JolQm t xf] g} ;fy} pgLx?sf]
;dfhdf ;fd'lxs of]ubfg klg pltg} k|;+zlgo /x]sf] 5 .
gl;{Ë :jf:Yo x]/ljrf/ k|0ffnLsf] cleGg / dxTjk"0f{ efu xf] . o;nfO{ :jf:Yo
x]/ljrf/ k|0ffnLaf6 x6fO{lbg] xf] eg] :jf:Yo If]q g} n+u8f] tyf ultlxg x'g k'U5 .
To;sf/0f gl;{Ë ljgfsf] :jf:Yo x]/ljrf/ k|0ffnLsf] cl:tTj g} /xg ;Sb}g . g;{x?sf]
cfwf/e't lhDd]jf/Lsf] dfq klg s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] o;sf] rf/ j6f kq -kmf]/ kmf]N8_
x'G5 . tL x'g M :jf:YonfO{ a9fjf lbg, z;lQms/0f, /f]u /f]Sg, :jf:Yo k"g{jfxfn ug{

5. 5
/ b'Mv si6 sd ug{ . ToxL eP/ xf]nf gl;{Ësf] cfjZostf ljZjJofkL ?kdf
pNn]vlgo 5 . dfgj k|fl0fsf] hLjg dof{bf / clwsf/sf] cfb/ gl;{Ëdf lglxt 5 . of]
k]zfn] s;}sf] -;dfhdf /x]sf s'g}klg ju{sf]_ /fli6«otf, hflt, /+u, pd]/, lnË,
/fhgLlts ljrf/wf/f / ;fdflhs cj:yfsf] cfwf/df e]befj ub}{g a? cxf]/fq
lg/Gt/ cfkmgf lj/fdLsf] ;]jf ul//x]sf] x'G5 . g;{x?n] JolQm, k/Ljf/ / ;d'bfo ;Fu
;xsfo{ u/L tL ;DaGwLt ;d'xx? ;Fu cfkmgf] :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] x'G5 .
gl;{Ë Oltxf;df, gl;{Ësf] jf/]df cfkmgf] ljrf/ tyf of]ubfg w]/} g} n]vsx?sf]
/x]sf] kfO{G5 . gl;{Ësf] cfjZostf JolQmnfO{ :jf:Yo /fVg, cfjZos /]vb]v -:jf:Yo
;DaGwL_ / lj/fdLnfO{ cf:j:Yo k|bfg ug]{ pb]Zo /x]sf] x'G5 . gl;{Ësf] ;fdfGo nIo
;dfhsf] ablnbf] kl/jt{gsf] cj:yfdf /x]klg gl;{Ë lj:tf/} cfw'lgs k]zfsf] ?kdf
ljsl;t ePsf] 5 .
cfw'lgs gl;{Ëdf w]/} ultljlwx?, cjwf/0ffx? / ljleGg sf}zn, cfwf/e't lj1fg,
;fdflhs lj1fg, g}bflgs lj1fg / gl;{Ë lj1fg / cGo ;DaGwLt ljifox?sf] ;dfj]z
ul/Psf] x'G5 . ;a} k]zfsf] ?kdf gl;{Ë Ps cg'kd, JolQm ljz]if / k/Ljf/sf]
jf:tljs tyf ;DefJo :jf:Yo ;d:ofsf] Ps dfgljo / ;d|u 9+un] k"0f{ ;Daf]wg ug]{
k|ltlqmof xf] .
g;{ :jtGq Joj;foL, k]zfsdL{ xf] / x'g'k5{ / p :jtGq lsl;dn] cEof; ug{ ;Ifd
5 . ca gl;{Ë k]zfsf] ?kdf cfkmgf] 5'§} klxrfg 5 / of] kf/fd]l8sn k]zf leq kb}{g
. gl;{Ë d]l8l;g h:t} k'/fgf] 5 . lxkf]qm]6;sf] kfnfdf d]l8l;g gl;{Ë ljgf g} cEof;
ul/GYof] eg] dWo o'usf] ;dodf gl;{Ë ljgf d]l8l;gsf] cEof; ug]{ rng lyof] .
k|flrg ef/tdf, ;'>'yf ;dflxyfdf 8fS6/, g;{, lj/fdL / cf}iflwsf] cfbz{ ;DaGwdf
kl/eflift u/] cg';f/ 8fS6/, g;{, lj/fdL / cf}iflw rf/ j6f v'66fx? x'g / log} dfyL
pkrf/ tyf lj/fdLsf] :ofxf/ k"0f{ ?kdf x'g;S5 / oL dWo] Pp6} klg v'66fsf] cefj
ePdf lj/fdLsf] pkrf/df c;/ k5{ . To; jfx]s g;{ / lj/fdLsf] jf/]df rvf{–
;dflxyf -cWofo –!@_ df klg To:t} ;Gbe{x? pNn]v u/]sf] kfO{G5 . gl;{Ësf]
k|s[ltsf] af/]df kmnf]/]G; gfO6]Ën b]lv clxn] ;Dd w]/} hgf gl;{Ësf lj4fgx?n]
kl/eflift u/]sf 5g . h;dWo] cfw'lgs gl;{Ësf] kyk|b{zs kmnf]/]G; gfO6]Gun x'g .
;dfh, gl;{Ë / ;+;f/df jxfFsf] of]ubfgsf] d'No 7"nf] 5 . ;/ ljlnod cf];n/sf]
egfO{ cg';f/ tflnd k|fKt bIf g;{ dfgjtfsf] ;a} eGbf 7"nf] cflzif÷j/bfg xf] .

6. 6
gl;{Ë x]/ljrf/ /f]uLsf] x]/ljrf/ /fd|f] glthf k|fKt ug{sf nflu cToGt dxTjk"0f{ 5 .
lj/fdLsf] Joj:yfkg sfo{ clwsf+z sfof{Gjog ug]{ g;{ x'G5 . g;{n] lj/fdLsf]
x]/ljrf/ @$ 306f cfjZostf cg';f/ ul//x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] c:ktfndf lj/fdLsf]
x]/rfx s'zn Joj;yfkg sfo{ / ;kmntfsf] >]o gl;{Ë sd{rf/Lsf] Ifdtfdf lge{/
/x]sf] x'G5 . pRr:t/Lo gl;{Ë s]o/sf] cfjZostf h'g;'s} c:ktfn k|zf;ssf] nflu
r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] x'G5 . t;y{ tflnd k|fKt Ifdtfjfg g;{x? cfhsf] 7"nf] cfjZostf
xf] .
;g !(^^ df elh{lgo x]G8;{gn] g;{sf] ljlzi6 st{JonfO{ o; k|sf/ kl/eflift ug'{
ePsf] 5 –æg;{sf] ljlzi6 st{Jo :jf:Yo jf c:jf:Yo JolQmnfO{ :jf:Yo nfe -jf
zflGtk"0f{ d[To' j/0f _ ug{sf nflu cfjZos lqmofsnfk h;nfO{ p :jf:Yo, ;Ifd /
hfgsf/ eO{ :j]R5fn] ug]{ lyof]–df ;xof]u k'of{P/ p;nfO{ oyfl;3| cfkm}+ ug{ ;Sg]
cj:yfdf k'of{pg' xf] . Æ
x]G8/;gsf nflu g;{sf] pk/f]Qm ljlzi6 st{Jo p;sf] ljlzi6 ljz]iftf x'g'sf ;fy}
cGo ;xfos st{Jox?sf] pbud klg xf] . o;sf] ;+/If0f clgjfo{ 5 . :jf:Yo If]qdf
sfo{/t ;d'xsf] cGo ;b:oaf6 o; k|sf/sf] ljlzi6 ;]jf sfo{sf] cf; /fVg' x'b}g
lsg eg] c?af6 of] ljlzi6 ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;Dej x'b}g . x]G8/;gn] o; ljlzi6 ;]jf
sfo{nfO{ sfJofTds z}lndf cg'jfb ub{} eGg' x'G5 – g;{ cr]tgsf] c:yfoL r]tgf xf] .
cfTdxTof pGd'vsf nflu lhjg k|ltsf] k|]d, nË8f]sf] nflu v'§f, gj ;'/bf;sf]
cfFvf, lzz'sf] ult, ev{/ dft[Tj k|fKt u/]sf] o'jtLsf] 1fg / ljZjf;, / jf]Ng sl7g
ePsf jf nf6f]sf] af]ln xf] .
g]kfndf gl;{Ësf] jt{dfg cj:yf Mg]kfndf gl;{Ësf] jt{dfg cj:yf Mg]kfndf gl;{Ësf] jt{dfg cj:yf Mg]kfndf gl;{Ësf] jt{dfg cj:yf M
g]kfndf gl;{Ë ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfksf] lgodg ug]{ ;/sf/L ;+:yf g]kfn gl;{Ë
kl/ifbsf] !) dfr{ @)!$ sf] /]s8{ cg';f/ g;{ @^%!%, c=g=dL= @!^%@ / ljb]zL g;{
&&# u/L hDdf $*($) sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf 5g . k|To]s jif{ sl/a %))) g;{x?sf]
pTkfbg xfd|f] b]z leqsf k|fOe]6 tyf ;/sf/L cWoog ;+:yfx?af6 eO{/x]sf] 5 . oL
g;{x? dWo] k|foh;f]n] hflu/ kfPsf] 5}g, s]lx 3/d} a:5g, s]xL Volunteer eP/
k|fOe]6 ;+3;+:yfdf sfd u5{g, hf] cfly{s ?kdf ;Ifd x'G5 p ljb]z uP/ pRr lzIff
cWoog ub{5g jf pt}lt/ sfd klg u5{g eg] s]lxn] k|fOe]6 :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df sfd

7. 7
u5{g . clxn] ;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo ;]jdf hDdf %))) sf] xf/fxf/L htL
g;{x? sfo{/t 5g . k|fo ;a} h;f] ;/sf/L :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df x]g]{ xf] eg] g;{x?sf]
cefj b]lvG5 t/ w]/} dfqfdf pTkfbg ePsf g;{x?nfO{ 7fFp lbb}g . b]zsf] gl;{Ë
;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ ;DaGwdf clxn] w]/}g} k|Zgx? plAhPsf 5g . b]zsf] h]7f], s]Gb|df
ePsf] lj/ c:ktfn b]lv b'/b/f/df /x]sf k|fOe]6 tyf ;/sf/L c:ktfnx?df s]lx
ckjfb jfx]s gl;{Ë ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ Psbd} Go'g 5 . To:t} g]kfndf /x]sf] Psdfq
g;{x?sf] 5ftf ;+u7g g]kfn gl;{Ë ;+3 -gfg_ h;df clxn];Dd hDdf *))) sf]
xf/fxf/Ldf g;{x? -;b:o_ cfj4 5g .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] hlxn] klg :jf:Yo If]qdf hgzlQmsf] cefj 5 eg]/ eG5 t/ oyfy{
ztk|ltzt e'm7f] xf] . clxn] xfd|f] b]zdf xf/fxf/L jflif{s Ps xhf/ hgf d]l8sn
8fS5/, kfFr xhf/ g;{,kfFr xhf/ klAns x]Ny k|f]km]zgn, Ps xhf/ kf/fd]l8S; / Ps
xhf/ cnfO{8 x]Ny k|f]km]zgn pTkfbg eO{/x]sf] 5 . pgLx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] oyfl;3|
plrt sbd rfn]/ lgtL lgod kl/jt{g u/]/ b]z leqs} pTkflbt hgzlQmnfO{ ;lx
t/Lsfn] kl/rfng ug'{kg]{ cfhsf] 66sf/f] cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf clxn] bh{gf} d]l8sn
sn]h, ;oeGbf al9 gl;{Ë sn]hx? 5g t/ ToxfF cWoog/t ljwfyL{x?sf] nflu s]lx
7fFp afx]s plrt dfqfdf k|of]ufTds cEof;sf] Joj:yf 5}g .
gl;{Ë ;]jfgl;{Ë ;]jfgl;{Ë ;]jfgl;{Ë ;]jf
lhg j]/]6 M Ps k|l;4 lj4fgsf] egfO{ cg';f/ c:ktfn rfx] hlt;'s} /fd|/L Jojl:yt
tl/sfn] jgfO{Psf] xf];, ;'Gb/ zfGt /dl0fo jftfj/0f ePsf] :yfgdf cjl:yt xf]; /
;a} ;'ljwfx?n] el/k'0f{ xf];, t/ olb To; c:ktfndf gl;{Ë s]o/ -
ultljlw÷lqmofsnfk_ olb pRr :t/Losf] ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g eg] Tof]
c:ktfnn] cfkmgf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{ k"0f{ ?kdf c;kmn x'G5 . dflysf] egfO{
jf:tjdf oyfy{ k/s 5 . xfd|f] ;dfhdf c? :jf:YosdL{x?sf] a'emfO{d} klg gl;{ËnfO{
;fwf/0f efiffdf x]g]{ eg] Psbd} ;fF3'/f] a'emfO{ /x]sf] 5 . pgLx?sf] cg';f/ gl;{Ë jf
g;{ ePsf] o'lgkmd{ nufpg], 8fS6/ ;Fu /fp08df hfg] / lj/fdLnfO{ cf}ifwL v'jfpg]
sfd dfq xf] t/ oL ;a} s'/fx?nfO{ dfyL kmnf]/]G; gfOl6Ën, elh{lgof x]G8;{gsf]
l;4fGt, s[tL kl/efif / sfd ;Fu bfHg] xf] eg] g;{x?sf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/sf]
If]qsf] jf/]df 5n{Ë x'G5 . gl;{Ë 5'§} -:jtGq_ k]zf ePsf] x'bfF of] s;}sf] tn jf dfyL

8. 8
eGg] ;jfng} cfpb}g o;sf] cfkmgf] 5'§} :yfg 5 . jf:tjdf gl;{Ë t of] k|s[lt /
dfgj hftL hltv]/ b]lv cl:tTjdf 5 Toltv]/ b]lv g} gl;{Ë s'g} g s'g} ?kdf xfdL
Jojxf/df cEof; ul//x]sf 5f}+ / ;bf eO{/xG5 . g]r/, gr{/ / gl;{Ë lardf
cGof]Gof>Lt -g+u / df;'sf]_ h:tf] ;DaGw 5 . Pp6f efudf dfq} klg c;/ kof]{ eg]
To;sf] c;/ :jtM csf]{ efudf eO{xfN5 . To;sf/0f ;du|df eGg] xf] eg] of] k]zfsf]
?kdf sfG5f] ePklg a|Dxf08df plxn] b]lvg} s'g} g s'g} lsl;dn] cfkmgf] cl:tTj 5
/ /xg]5 . lj/fdLsf] k|ToIf x]/ljrf/sf nflu gl;{Ësf] e'ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . t/
xfd|f] b]zdf dfq geO{ k|fo cljslzt / ljsf;zLn b]zdf x]g]{ xf] eg] gl;{Ë
cEof;df w]/} g} ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 . k]zfut lx;fjn] jf gl;{Ë lj1fgsf]
lx;fjn] of] cfkm}df ;Dk"0f{ 5 . t/ o;sf] Jojxf/df w]/} sld sDhf]/Lx? /x]sf] kfO{G5
/ Tof] sld sDhf]/Lx? d'ntM gl;{Ë k|zf;s, c:ktfn k|zf;s, c:ktfn ;Fu ;Da4t
dflnsx?, :jf:Yo If]qnfO{ lgodg ug]{ lgsfox? tyf To;DaGwL lglt lgdf{tfx? /
cGttf]uTj /fHo rfFxL gl;{Ësf] h'g cfkmgf] clwsf/ If]qdf /xL sfd ug'{kg]{ xf] Tof]
jftfj/0f aGg ;s]sf] 5}g .
gl;{Ë lzIffMgl;{Ë lzIffMgl;{Ë lzIffMgl;{Ë lzIffM
;do ultlzn x'G5, ;dfh ultlzn x'G5, ;du| ljZj ultlzn 5 . o; cy{df
;dfhsf] dxTjk"0f{ kIf÷d]?b08 dWo]sf] lzIff klg clt dxTjk"0f{ tyf ;do ;fk]If
x'g'k5{ / To;} dWo]sf] clt dxTjk"0f{ k|fljlws lzIff If]q gl;{Ë lzIffsf] jf/]df s'/f
ug'{kbf{ Ps k|lz4 g;{ lj4fgn] eGg'ePsf] 5 olb :ofpnfO{ sf6g' x'G5 eg] c?n]
To;df :ofpsf] ljp x]b{5 t/ xfdL g;{x?n] To; ljpdf ;Dk"0f{ :ofp b]lv/x]sf x'G5}f
. dfyL pb[t ul/Psf] k|z+u dfqn] klg ljZjdf gl;{Ë lzIffsf] dxTj / To;sf]
:yfgsf] af/]df ;xh} cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 . cfw'lgs gl;{Ë lzIffsf] ;'?jft ;Fu}
clxn] ljZjsf w]/} ljsl;t tyf o'/f]lkog /fi6«x?df g;{x?n] cfkmgf] lj1tf xfl;n
u/]sf] If]qdf gl;{Ë st{Jo lgjf{xsf] ;fy} To;df cf}iflw l;kmf/L; -Nurse
prescription_ ;lxt ;du| :jf:Yo x]/ljrf/ -xf]ln:6Ls x]Ny s]o/_ sf] cfwf/df
To:tf /fi6«x?n] g;{ / lj/fdLsf] lxtdf practice act klg sltn] agfO{;s]/ nfu'
klg u/L;s]sf] 5 eg] s]xL agfpg] qmddf x/]sf] 5 . of] practice o; If]qsf] nflu

9. 9
gf}nf] / /fd|f] ;'?jft xf] / of] lj:tf/} xfd|f] b]z ;lxt ljsf;lzn /fi6«x?df klg
o;sf] ;'?jft ug{ l9nf ug'{ x'b}g .
gl;{Ë lzIff / o;sf] cfwf/ alnof] / dxTjk"0f{ x'bfFx'b} klg o; If]qdf k|z:t
ljs[ltx?, sldsDhf]/Lx? gePsf] eg] xf]O{g . o;nfO{ ;do ;fk]If ;dfhsf]
cfjZostf cg';f/ kl/dflh{t u/]/ nfg'sf] s'g} ljsNk 5}g t/ o; If]qnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{
lgsfox? tyf JolQmx? of t of] If]q ;Fu ;DaGwLt x'b}g / 5 eg]klg cfh ;Dd o;
If]qdf ePsf] ljsf; ;Fu cglj1 /x]sf] kfO{G5 ls t df}g 5 ls hfg]/ klg a'em
krfO{/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfsf] rf8f] cGTo x'g h?/L 5 .
gl;{Ë g]t[Tj M cS;Ldf]/g cygl;{Ë g]t[Tj M cS;Ldf]/g cygl;{Ë g]t[Tj M cS;Ldf]/g cygl;{Ë g]t[Tj M cS;Ldf]/g cyjf zlQmzfnL an <jf zlQmzfnL an <jf zlQmzfnL an <jf zlQmzfnL an <
l;sfO{ Ifdtf M ;f+:s[lts k|efj
xfd|f] ;+:s[ltsf] k|efj gl;{Ë g]t[Tjsf] sfdsfh tyf ultlzntf af/]df oxfF s]lx
dfGotfx? jgfPsf] kfO{G5 . rfx] oL s'/fx?sf] >f]t ;fdflhs, ;+u7gfTds jf
Joj;foLs 5 of 5}g, ;+:s[ltsf] c;/sf] sf/0fn] cg'dfgx?, ljZjf;, ljrf/, Jojxf/
/ of] leq sfd ug]{x?sf] sfo{z}lnn] gl;{Ë g]t[Tjdf ;f]em} k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 .
gl;{Ë g]t[Tjsf] dfdnfdf oL ;+f:s[lts >f]tx?sf] cfkmgf] k|efj, ck]Iff / Jojxf/df
sfd u/]sf] 5 . To;y{ gl;{Ë g]t[Tjsf] ljsf;sf] nflu Pp6f syfsf] ljrf/ ug'{xf]; M
cf}ift ?kdf xfQLsf] jhg !^%)) kfpG8sf] x'G5 . xfQL cemklg clk|msf / ef/tdf
af]em eO{/x]sf] 5 . 6fp b'vfO{sf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . s;/L oL ljzfn k|f0fLx? kfNt'5 <
lsg oL hgfjx? cfkmgf] dfx't]af6 d'Qm 5}gg < s;/L ltgLx?n] cg'zf;Lt, lgolGqt
u/]/ Toqf] zlQmzfnL÷an ePsf] xfQLnfO{ cfkmgf] lgoGq0fdf /fv]sf] x'G5 . tkfO{
5Ss kg'{ x'g]5 . o'jf xfQLnfO{ sAhf u/L pgLx?sf] cfdfaf6 cnu /fV5g . Pp6f
7"nf], ef/L 8f]/L r]g rfxL xfQLsf] Pp6f v'§fdf afW5g eg] csf]{ efu Pp6f ljzfn
?vdf afW5g . ljr/f aRrf xfQL Tof] r]gaf6 d'Qm x'g rfxG5g t/ ;Sb}gg lsgeg]]
v'§f rfxL aflwPsf] x'G5 . ;do ljTb} hfFbf xfQLn] yfxf kfp5 ls cj o;nfO{ tf]8g
;lsb}g / lj:tf/} ;+3if{ sd ug{ yfN5 . h;/L xfQL Psbd lgliqmo, cf1fsf/L x'g
yfN5 efUg vf]Hb}g jf cfkmgf] an k|of]u ug{ 5f85 clg xfQLsf] v'§fnfO{ lj:tf/}
xn'sf 8f]/Ln] / ;fgf] ?vd} afWg yfN5 / of] qmd lg/Gt/ rln/xG5 / Pp6f cj:yf

10. 10
o:tf] cfpF5 jf xfQLn] l;ls;S5 ls xfdL Tof] 8f]/Laf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsb}g / ;fgf]
eGbf ;fgf]] 8f]/L / ?vsf] k|of]u uof}{ eg]klg xfQL cfkmgf] Ifdtf / an lj:tf/} ljl;{b}
hfG5 / cGttf]uTj, ca xfQL kl/kSj x'G5, * 6g j/fj/sf] xfQL To}} 7fpFdf x'G5
hxfF ;fgf] jf kftnf] 8f/Ln] afw]/ /fv]sf] x'G5 . slt;Dd eGbf xfd|f] kfv'/f hqf]
5l8df ;fdfGo s's'/nfO{ afWg] a/fa/sf] 8f]/Ldf klg afWof] eg] xfQLn] cfkmgf] zlQm
k|of]u ug{ c;dy{ eO{;s]sf] x'G5 . ca k|Zg cfp5 ls cflv/ of] s;/L ;Dej eof] <
xfQLn] cfkm' leq ePsf] ;DefjLt Ifdtfx? k|of]u ug{ ljl;{;s]sf x'G5g . g t p
cufl8 a9g ;S5 g t p cfkmgf] Ifdtf, zlQm g} k|of]u ug{ kfpF5 .
To:t} IfOs/0f xfd|f] Ifdtf klg ePsf] xf] ls < xfd|f] ;dfh / ;+:s[lt ;+/rgf o:tf]
eO{ ;s]sf] 5 ls 8f]/L / ?vn] k'/} gl;{Ë k]zfnfO{ afFwL ;s]sf] 5 . @$ 306f cxf]/fq
lj/fdLsf] ;]jf ubf{ub}{ xfQL leq ePsf] zlQmg} x/fP/ uPsf] 5 . c? s]lx kIfx?
;+u7gfTds ;Gbe{ h;df xfdLn] xfd|f] leq, k]zf leq ePsf ;DefJo IfdtfnfO{
klxrfg ub{} Joj:yfkg ub}{ x/fPsf] zlQmnfO{ k'g/jxfnL ug'{k5{ .
gl;{Ëdf tTsfn}gl;{Ëdf tTsfn}gl;{Ëdf tTsfn}gl;{Ëdf tTsfn} ;DaGwLt kIfn];DaGwLt kIfn];DaGwLt kIfn];DaGwLt kIfn] Wofg lbg'kg]{ tyf ;'wf/Wofg lbg'kg]{ tyf ;'wf/Wofg lbg'kg]{ tyf ;'wf/Wofg lbg'kg]{ tyf ;'wf/
ug'{kg]{ s'/fx? Mug'{kg]{ s'/fx? Mug'{kg]{ s'/fx? Mug'{kg]{ s'/fx? M
!= clxn] xfd|f] b]zdf s'g s'/fsf] cfjZostf slt 5 eGg] s'/fsf] olsgg} gu/Lsg
cGbfhsf] e/df jf sx}sf] JolQmut :jfy{ k'/f ug{sf] nflu c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo
cWoog ;+:yfgx? vf]Ng cg'dlt lbg' plrt b]lvb}g oBlk ;+rfngdf /x]sf
;+:yfx?sf] klg ;lx t/Lsfn] cg'udg gx'g' b'e{Uok"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . o;n] ;Dk"0f{
hgtfsf] :jf:Yodf hf]lvd a9fO{/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] nflu ;DaGwLt ;a}sf] ;dodf
plrt Wofg k'Ug'kg]{ h?/L b]lvG5 .
@= :jf:Yo dGqfnodf ePsf] hgzlQmsf] ;+/rgfdf tTsfn k/Ljt{g ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
h;df ;lrj b]lv :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf] nfO{g ;+:yfdf yk gl;{Ë l8lehg, gl;{Ë
P8efO{h/ b]lv tNnf] tx ;Dd ;+/rgfut ?kdf kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 / ;DaGwLt
;a} txdf of]Uo JolQmsf] dfq} rog u/L lhDd]jf/L lbg'kb{5 / xfn;fn} ef/t
;/sf/n] klg To;/L g} gl;{Ë If]qsf] dflyNnf] b]lv tNnf] lgsfo ;Ddg} o;/L
;+/rgfut k/Ljt{g u/L nfu' u/]sf 5g .

11. 11
#= gl;{Ë :jtGq k]zf ePsf] x'gfn] o;nfO{ :jfoQf k|bfg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
$= jt{dfg cj:yfdf gl;{Ë hgzlQm clxn] cgdL b]lv dfly lk Pr l8 ;Dd cWoog
u/]sf pknAw ePsf]n] ToxL cg';f/ txsf] juL{s/0f u/L sfddf nufpg' kg]{ b]]lvG5
. pbfx/0fsf] nflu :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df h;/L kf/fd]l8S;x? cx]j, Pr P / d]l8sn
tL/ PdljljP;, Pdl8, Pd P; / To; eGbf dflyNnf] txsf] k|fjwfg x'G5 . To;/L g}
gl;{Ëdf klg txut h:t} cgdL, :6fkm g;{, ljPg, ljP;l; gl;{Ë, Pd Pg, Pd P;L
gl;{Ë / lkrP l8 sf] k|fjwfg cEof;df Nofpg' k5{ / xfn ;Dd g]kfndf gl;{Ëdf
;a} txsf hgzlQmx? x'bfFx'b} klg ;Dk"0f{ pknAw hgzlQmsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ eGbf al9
cgdL / :6fkm g;{nfO{ dfq k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvG5 / o;df tTsfn ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{
cfjZostf 5 .
%= gl;{Ë / :jf:Yosf c? ljwfnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf lgtfGt km/s ePsf]n] o;df
tTsfn ;'wf/ u/L h;/L Pp6f cgdL txsf] sfdnfO{ :gftsf]Q/ u/]sf] Pdl8 . Pd
P; sf] sfd ;Fu t'ngf u/]/ gl;{Ë k]zfsdL{nfO{ tn b]vfpg] k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
^= gl;{Ësf] kf7qmddf ePsf] s'/f, k9]sf] s'/f / :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df cEof; ubf{ of]
ljrsf] vf8n w]/} 7"nf] /x]sf] 5 . o;df s]lx sfg'gL k|fjwfg tyf c? :jf:YosdL{sf]
gl;{Ë k]zf/ st{Aosf] af/]df plrt hfgsf/Lsf] cefj k|d'v sf/ssf] ?kdf b]lvPsf]
5 .
&= gl;{Ëdf pknAw ePsf] pRr :t/sf] bIf hgzlQmx? vf; u/]/ u};;÷cGt{/fli6«o
u};; / k|fwfofkg k]zfdf dfq l;ldt /x]sf]n] oL ju{sf] ;xeflutf lSnlgsn
cEof;df klg pko'Qm t/Lsf ckgfO{ k|of]ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 .
*= c:ktfn k|zf;sx? k|foM gl;{Ë k]zf / p;sf] st{Josf] af/]df cglj1 /x]sf]
;Gbe{df g;{ / c? k]zfsdL{x? larsf] ;xsfo{df k|foM ;d:of pTkGg x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
(= g;{ / lj/fdLsf] cg'kfnfO{ tTsfn ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]]lvG5 . of] ;d:of hxfF ToxL 5
/ k|fO{e]6 ;+:yfx?df cem al9 /x]sf]n] rfx] h:tf] :jf:Yo x]/ ljrf/ ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf
b]lvb}g .

12. 12
!)= g;{sf] ;]jf ;'ljwf tyf ;'/Iff plrt tflnd tyfdf klg plrt Wofg lbg'kg]{
b]lvG5 . xfn b]zdf ;of}+ eGbf al8 gl;{Ë cWoog ;+:yfgx? /x]sf] / Ps bh{g hlt
d]l8sn sn]h jfx]s c? cWoog ;+:yfgsf] ckjfb jfx]s cfkmgf] c:ktfn gePsf]
x'bfF k|lzIffyL{ gl;Ësf ljwfyL{x? ;++:yfn] dfu] hltg} z'Ns ltbf{klg lSngLsn cEofg
gfdd dfq u/fPsf] kfO{G5 . oxfF ;Dd sL !) hgf ;fwf/0f vfnsf] lj/fdL ePsf]
jf8{df #)÷%) hgf :dd ljleGg sn]hsf ljwfyL{ x?nfO{ Ps} l;km6df /fv]/ cEof;
u/fPsf] cj:yfdf ljwfyL{ lkl8t x'g' afx]s s;/L cfkmgf] k]zfut Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{
;S5 <
!!= To;t} clxn] k|fo h;f] gl;{Ë cWwog ;+:yfgdf ljwfyL{ / k|lzIfs÷k|fWofkssf]
cg'kft klg b'ef{Uo k"0f{ 5 . o;sf] nflu ;a}eGbf al9 bf]ifL g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn
gl;{Ë k/Lifb / g]kfn gl;{Ë ;+3 /x]sf] 5 . logLx? ;a}nfO{ bnut /fhgLlt ug'{
afx]s b]]]]]]zsf] eljio ;Fu s'g} ;/f]sf/ ePsf] b]lvPg . sn]hx?n] kfof] eg] yf]/}
k|lzIfs /fVg], hlt z}lIfs of]Uotf x'g'kg]{ xf] Tof] g /fVg], k'0f{sflng k|fWofks yf]/}
/fVg] , kf/L>lds sd lbg] h:tf k|j[lQx? df}nfO{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cj:yf o:tf]
cfO{;Sof] ls sn]h ;+rfnsx?n] kfof] eg] k'0f{sflng k|lzIfs g} g/flv vfln c?sf]
jfof]8f6fs} e/df dfq klg sn]hx? ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . / ltgLx?nfO{ k|Zg ubf{
dflyNnf] lgsfon] cg'udg ubf{ 3'; lbPkl5 :jLs[lt lbO{xfNg] / k'gM k|lzIfsdf lsg
k};f vr{ ug]{ k|j[lQ xfjL ePsf]n] To;sf] k|ToIf c;/ gl;{Ë k|lzIffyL{x?df b]lvg
yfn]sf] 5 .
!@= h'g sn]hsf] cfkmgf] c:ktfn 5}g To:tf]nfO{ t'?Gt aGb u/Lg' k5{ .
!#= g;{x? cfkm}klg kl9;s]kl5 hfuL/df /xbf cfkmgf] :j cWoogdf Wofg lbg'kg]{
b]lvG5 .
!$= g;{x? cfkmgf] k]zfsf] dof{bf leq /x]/ lj/fdL tyf lj/fdLsf] cfkmGtx? ;Fu /fd|f]
af]ln tyf Jojxf/ ug'{ kb{5 .
!% g;{x?sf] ;}4flGts l;sfO{sf] a]nf oy]:6 dfqfdf :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg, af]ln Jojxf/
;DaGwL 1fg tyf :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg nufotsf ljifox? lj:t[t ?kdf cWoog u/]klg
Jojxf/Ls ?kdf o;sf] cEof; Psbd} Go'g /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] ljleGg sf/0fx? dWo]
;DaGwLt If]q4f/ plrt jftfj/0f pknAw gu/fpg'g} xf] .

13. 13
!^ clxn] vf; u/L ljP;;L gl;{Ësf] cWoogsf] nflu ef/tsf] s/gf6s tyf l5d]sL
/fHox? lt/ hfg]x?sf] nsf]{ g} nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . t/ ltgLx? w]/} g} 7uLPsf] 5 . s]lx
cufl8 dfr{sf] cGtLd xKtf lt/ k|fo ;a} cvjf/sf kfgfx?df tyf ef/tLo ;+rf/
dfWoddf / ljljl; lxGbLdf klg bz}f xhf/ g]kfnL, e'6fgL / afËnfb]zL gl;{Ë
ljwfyL{x?sf] eljiosf] af/]df cfPsf vj/x?n] o; If]qsf JolQmx?nfO{ em:sfPsf] 5
. k|sflzt k|zf/Lt va/ cg';f/ OG8Log gl;{Ë k/Lifbn] s/gf6s /fHo gl;{Ë
k/LifbnfO{ kq n]lv Tofxf cWoog/t ljwfyL{x? ;Fu k|j]z cf1f pknAw u/fpg egL
hfgsf/L u/fPsf] lyof] . / Tof] pknAw g u/fpbf ;DaGwL /fHosf] gl;{Ë k/Lifbn] tL
ljwfyL{x?nfO{ btf{ gug]{, /fHosf] k/Lifbn] btf{ gubf{ OG8Log gl;{Ë k/Lifbn] klg
gug]{ / ha ;Dd OG8Log gl;{Ë k/Lifbn] btf{ ub}}{g ta ;Dd g]kfn gl;{Ë k/Lifbn]
klg btf{ gug]{ x'bf ;DaGwLt ljwfyL{x?n] ef/tdf OG6{gl;k klg ug{ gkfpg] /
;DaGwLt sfpG;Lnaf6 nfO{;]G; klg k|fKt gug]{ x'bf xhf/f}+ g]kfnL ljwfyL{sf] eljio
;Fu v]njf8 ug]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 / ;f] ;DaGwdf ef/tsf] gofF lbNnLdf cj:yLt
g]kfnL /fhb'tfj;n] g]kfnsf ljwfyL{x?nfO{ e]befj gug{ cfu|x u/LPsf] lyof] . o:tf
;d:ofx?nfO{ a]n}df ;DaGwLt lgsfon] plrt Wofg k'of{pg h?/L b]lvG5 . oL afx]s
klg cgluGtL ;d:of / tL ;dfwfgx?sf] pkfo vf]Hg'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .
xfd|f] b]z ljljwtfn] e/Lk'0f{ 5 . xfd|f] kl/j]z c? /fi6«sf] eGbf k[ys 5 . xfd|+f]
e'uf]n leq lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{–dw]z kb{5 . xfd|f] b]zdf ;'ud 7fpF sd, b'u{d /
lk5l8Psf] If]q al9 5 . xfd|f] b]zsf clwsf+z hgtfx? u/Llasf] /]vf d'lg /x]sf 5g
. xfd|f] b]z ;+:s[lt / k|fs[lts ?kdf wlg ePklg xfdL cfly{{s ?kdf ;an / ;zQm
eO{ ;s]sf 5}gf} ckjfb jfx]s . xfd|f] b]zdf :jf:Yo ;]jfs]f cj:yf s]lx zx/x?df
afx]s b]zsf] afsLF efux?df Psbd} cefj 5 . zx/x?d} klg x]g]{ xf] eg] :jf:Yo
;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof / :jf:YosdL{x?sf] ;+Vof al9 b]lvPklg clwsf+z JolQmx? :jf:Yo
;]jf kfpgaf6 a~rLt /x]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo If]qdf ljZjd}klg x]g]{ xf] eg] zxz|fJbL
ljsf; nIo -Millenium Development Goal _ x? ljleGg ljwfx?df
tf]lsP adf]lhd pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g / pQm s'/f k|flKtsf] nflu klg
g;{x?sf] e'ldsf ck/Lxfo{ 5 . To; cy{df gl;{Ë hgzlQmsf] ;d'lrt 9Ëaf6
;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsof] eg] :jf:Yo ;'rfFsx?df lglZrt ?kdf
;'wf/ x'g] b]lvG5 / xfd|f] ;dfhsf] d'xf/g} km]l/g ;S5 . t/ oL s'/fsf] k|flKtsf] nflu
;do ;fk]If kl/jt{g x'g cfjZos 5 . cfh cGt{/fli6«o gl;{Ë lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df

14. 14
p7fO{Psf] gf/fnfO{ klg Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ ;Sg'k5{ / of] kl/jt{sf] nflu k/Ljt{g ug]{
zlQmsf] -dfgj ;+;fwg_ sf] tLg j6f If]qdf kl/jt{g x'g lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . o;
;Gbe{df kl/jt{g ;DaGwL Pp6f egfO{ pb[t ug{ rfxG5' M
one who works with his hand is labourer and one who
works with his head, heart and hand is a craftsman. cyf{t
tLg j6f If]q eg]sf] olb cfkmgf] 1fg - Head_, l;s]sf] s'/fsf] Xbob]]lvg} cfTd;ft
ug'{ - Heart _ / oL b'O{j6} s'/fnfO{ ;lx tl/sfn] cEof;÷k|of]u - Hand _ ug{
hfGof} eg] Tof] g} To; If]qsf] s'zn lzNksf/ - kl/jt{g jfxszlQm _ x'g;S5 . of]
tLg j6f dWo] Pp6} klg If]qsf] k|of]udf nfkf/jfxL jf ;d'rLt k|of]u ug{ ;lsPg eg]
dflg;n] - kl/jt{g jfxszlQm_ n] kl/>d t unf{, ;do t vlr{Pnf, ;do / cy{ t
vlr{Pnf t/ To;af6 x'g'kg{] ck]lIft kl/0ffdsf] cfzf ug{ ;lsb}g / ck]lIft ?kdf
cfzf ug{sf nflu dfly pNn]lvt tLg j6} If]qsf] k|of]udf bIf x'g cfjZos 5 .
Raj Kumar Mehta, MSN (Critical Care), RN Page 14 1/2/2015