A chronology of important events and people in US education

1. Timeline of US Education A Chronology of Pioneers, Events and Philosophers By Melissa Boutin Granite State College June 2010

3. 1734 Benjamin Franklin forms American Philosophical Society bringing ideas from European Enlightenment to US 1751 Ben Franklin established first English Academy in Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania) 1779 Thomas Jefferson proposes a two-track educational system with one for the laboring and one for the learned. 1783-1785 Noah Webster writes “A Grammatical Institute of the English Language” consisting of a spelling book, a grammar book and a reader. 1787 First academy for girls (Young Ladies Academy)open in Philadelphia Noah Webster

4. 1790Pennsylvania state constitution calls for free public education but only for poor children. It is expected that rich people will pay for their children's schooling. 1791 Bill of Rights passes making education a function of the state rather than the federal government 1801 James Pillans invents the blackboard 1802 Johan Pestalozzi publishes “How Gertrude Teaches Her Children” (concerning the psychology of elementary education). 1805New York Public School Society formed by wealthy businessmen to provide education for poor children. Schools run on "Lancasterian" model: master gives rote lesson to older students, who pass it down to younger students. Johann Pestalozzi

7. The Perkins Institute, founded by Samuel Gridley Howe was first residential institution for mentally retarded people

9. The town gave education pioneer Horace Mann 20 acres and $20,000 as an inducement to establish the nation's first "alternative" college (Antioch College). Horace Mann

11. George Peabody funds Peabody Education Fund to aid public education in south

12. Howard University established in DC for African Americans, partially funded by Freedmen’s Bureau1873 First public school kindergarten in the U.S. founded in St. Louis, MO. 1874 Michigan State Supreme Court rules that taxes may be levied to support public schools 1876 Edouard Sequin becomes first President of Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feebleminded Persons (American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities)

13. 1879 First Indian boarding school (Carlisle Indian Industrial School) opens in Pennsylvania and becomes model for assimilating Indian children into mainstream culture 1881 Booker T. Washington becomes first principal of normal school in Tuskegee Alabama (Tuskegee University) 1886 First textbook on educational psychology published by Louisa Hopkins 1896 The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that Louisiana has right to require "separate but equal" railroad cars for Blacks & whites. Federal government officially recognizes segregation as legal resulting in southern states pass laws requiring racial segregation in public schools. Booker T Washington

15. Carnegie Foundation for Advancement of Teaching is founded1908 E.B. Huey publishes The Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading. 1910 The first issues of the Journal of Educational Psychology is published. Alfred Binet

17. John Dewey publishes “Democracy and Education. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education” advancing progressive education movement1917-18 First large scale IQ testing of American adults (army conscripts in WWI). John Dewey

18. 1919 Progressive Education Association founded to reform American education 1920’s-30’s William S. Gray and colleagues at the University of Chicago publish numerous studies on reading behavior and achievement 1922 Council for Exception Children (CEC) formed to inform parents, teachers, and administration about education of individuals with disabilities 1925 Tennessee vs. John Scopes: trial in which teacher is charged with teaching evolution and is convicted, upholding the Butler Act making it illegal to teach evolution 1926 Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is first administered

19. 1929 Jean Piaget’s “The Child Conception of the World” published detailing his theory of cognitive development 1931 Alvarez vs. the Board of Trustees of the Lemon Grove School District first successful school desegregation case 1942 The General Equivalency Diploma (GED) program and the Military Evaluations Programs for veterens who left school to serve in World War II are established. 1947 Educational Testing Service (ETS) is founded. 1953 BF Skinner’s “Science and Human Behavior” published (operant conditioning) influencing American education 1954 US Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled separate is not equal Jean Paiget B. F. Skinner

20. 1957 Federal troops enforce integration in Little Rock as Little Rock 9 enroll at Central High School 1956 Benjamin Bloom’s “Taxonomy of Educational Objectives” is published. 1959 The ACT Test is first administered 1960’s Inclusion comes onto the scene, trying to meet the needs of learners who had been excluded from school or marginalized in classrooms 1962 Lev Vygotsky’s book “Thought and Language” introduced to English-speaking world, considered foundation of social constructivist theory (Zone of Proximal Development) Benjamin Bloom Lev Vygotsky

22. John Flavell publishes “The Developmental Psychology of Jean Piaget”. Piaget’s work receives widespread attention among American educators

23. US Supreme Court says no state law or school board may require prayer be recited in public schools

25. Project Head Start begins1966 Jerome Bruner’s “Toward a Theory of Instruction” is published offering cognitive learning theory as alternative to behaviorism Jerome Bruner

27. Bilingual Education Act provides federal funding for local school districts to establish educational programs for students with limited English speaking ability

28. US Supreme Court rules that prohibiting teaching of evolution in public school or university is unconstitutional

29. McCarver Elementary School in Tacoma Washington becomes first magnet school

31. Jean Piaget’s book “The Science of Education” publishedHerbert Kohl

36. Madeline C. Hunter’s book “Mastery Teaching” is published, introducing direct instruction teaching model

38. Howard Gardner publishes “Frames of Mind” identifying seven intelligences leading to greater understanding of how students learn1984 The Emergency Immigration Education Act enacted providing services and offsetting the cost for school districts that have large numbers of immigrant students Howard Gardner

40. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act replaces Education for All Handicapped Children Act mandating transition services and adding autism and traumatic brain injury to eligibility

41. Americans with Disabilities Act signed into law by President Bush mandating all local, state and federal government programs be accessible as well as public accommodations 1992 First charter school appears in Michigan (City Academic High School) Tim-Berners-Lee

43. Massachusetts Education Reform Act requires common curriculum and statewide tests (first in the nation)

45. James Banks’ book “Multicultural Education: Transformative Knowledge and Action” makes contribution to growing body of scholarship in multiculturism in America James Banks

47. Higher Education Act reauthorized requiring institutions and states to produce “report cards” about teacher education

48. Google invented1999 Columbine High School Tragedy occurs with two students killing 15 and wounding 23 2001 No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) signed into law by George W. Bush reauthorizing ESEA holding schools accountable for student achievement & penalizes school that don’t make yearly progress toward goals of NCLB Columbine High School

49. 2002 US Supreme Court in the case of Zelman-Simmons-Harris ruled that school voucher programs are constitutional and do not violate the first amendment 2003 The Higher Education Act is reauthorized, expanding access to higher education for low and middle income students 2004 The IDEA reauthorized including modifications in the IEP process and procedural safeguards, increased authority for school personnel in special education placement decisions and alignment of IDEA with No Child Left Behind Act 2009 The American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009 provides more than 90 billion dollars for education

50. Works Cited A Timeline of Historical Events in the Development of Educational Psychology. (2010). Northern Illinois University Leadership, Educational Psychology and Foundations. Retrieved June 9, 2010, from Board of Trustees of Northern Illinois University website: http://www.cedu.niu.edu/lepf/ edpsych/timeline.pdf Ayala, M. (2010, February). Timeline Of Relevant Events In Special Education Myrnas Version. In Slideshare. Retrieved June 10, 2010, from http://www.slideshare.net/MyrnaAyala/ timeline-of-relevant-events -in-special-education-myrnas-version Historical Timeline of Public Education in the US . (2009). The Applied Research Center. Retrieved June 10, 2010, from Applied Resource Center website: http://www.arc.org/content/view/100/48/