3. EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AT THE NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL LEVELS Recognizing the need for adequate and effective planning to pursue development efforts, the Philippine government has adopted the strategy of integrated planning and management. For this reason, planning mechanisms, at the national and sub-national levels has been established, according to the Department of Education.

8. Horizontal coordination and linkages mean that the educational system works with other agencies/sectors in the region/provinces, etc. to formulate the plans. On the other hand, vertical coordination and linkages mean that all the principals/school heads prepare and submit their plans to the school division; division to regional office to the Planning Service, DepEd. Subsequently, the DepEd’s plan becomes a part of the National Development Plan.

10. O n the regional level, the counterpart of the Planning Service Office is the Planning Unit, headed by the Assistant Regional Director, Planning units have been organized on the regional level in view of the present emphasis on countryside development with its increasing demands in the planning operations of the region.