Presentation for my Artist and New Media class.

1. History of
Photography
Marisa Haitsma

2. Photos (light)
+
Graphein (to draw)
=
“Photography”

3. First cameras: “Camera obscuras”
Originally used for drawing and entertaining.
Projects an image of its surroundings on a screen.

5. 1727: Johann Heinrich
Schulze discovered that
silver nitrate darkened
when exposed to light by
mixing chalk, nitric acid,
and silver in a flask.

6. 1814: Joseph Nicéphore
Niépce combines the camera
obscura with photosensitive
paper to create the first
picture ever. Eight hour
exposure and eventually,
faded.

7. 1826: Joseph Nicéphore Niépce combines
the camera obscura with photosensitive
paper to create the first permanent picture.

8. 1834: Henry Fox Talbot
invented the first negative
from which multiple
positive prints could be
made.

9. 1837: Louis Daguerre’s first “daguerreotype”.
Did not fade and needed less than 30 minutes
for light exposure.

10. 1841: Talbot invented the
“calotype” process,
which means “beautiful
picture” in Greek, by
using a silver salt
solution.

11. 1851: Frederick Scott
Archer invented the
“Collodion” process
which only requires two
to three seconds of light
exposure.

12. 1856: Hamilton Smith patented “tintypes”,
which used a thin sheet of iron as a base for the
light sensitive material. Three million made by
mid 1800’s.

13. 1871: Richard Leach
Maddox, an English
doctor, invented the
gelatin dry plate silver
bromide process. No
longer did negatives have
to be developed right
away.

14. 1880: George Eastman
founded Eastman Dry
Plate Company in
Rochester, New York. First
half-tone photograph
appears in a daily
newspaper, the New York
Graphic.

15. 1888: Eastman
patents first
Kodak roll-film
camera.

16. 1889: Eastman invented film with a flexible base
that could be rolled.

17. 1900: First mass-marketed camera – the Brownie.

18. 1914: Oskar Barnack
developed the first 35mm
(“candid”) film camera.

19. 1917: Nippon Kōgaku Kōgyō Kabushikigaisha,
which will eventually become “Nikon
Corporation”, is established in Tokyo.

20. 1932: First light meter with photoelectric
cell introduced.

21. 1948: Edwin Land invented the Polaroid camera.

22. 1960: EG&G comes up with an extreme depth
underwater camera for U.S. Navy.

23. 1963: First color
instant film
developed by
Polaroid.

24. 1968: Photo of
the year: the
Earth.

25. 1978: Konica introduces first point-and-shoot,
autofocus camera.

26. 1978: Sony
introduces the first
consumer
camcorder. Before,
it was used only
commercially.

27. 1985: Minolta markets the world's first autofocus
SLR system (called "Maxxum" in the US)

28. 1990: A favorite! Adobe Photoshop is released.

29. 1999: Nikon D1
SLR, 2.74
megapixels for sale
for $6000, first
DSLR designed by a
leading
manufacturer.

30. 2000: Camera phone
introduced in Japan by
Sharp/J-phone.

31. 2004: Kodak ceases
production of film
cameras. The film
era decreases
rapidly.

32. Today: Open access
and no constraints!
Look how far we’ve
come and who
knows what the
future will hold!