Physics

2. - form of energy caused by vibration
- longitudinal waves
- is a pattern of disturbance caused by energy travelling away from the source of the sound
- mechanical wave traveling through medium which makes us hear

3. - material that sound can travel through
- travel to solid ,liquid, and gas
* In which medium do you think will sound travel the fastest?

4. - sound can't travel through a vacuum
- Just like all longitudinal (compression) waves, sound waves possess a velocity, frequency, wavelength, phase,
period, and amplitude.
- Sound waves also reflect, refract, diffract, and interfere.

5. - refers to the highness or lowness of sound.
- the frequency of a wave dictates the pitch of a sound .
1 sec
1 sec
1 Hz
10 Hz
A B
High frequency Low frequency
Higher sound Lower sound
Higher pitch Lower pitch

6. 20 Hertz (Hz) to 20,000 Hertz (Hz)
AUDIBLE FREQUENCIES
ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES
below 20 Hertz (Hz)
INFRASONIC FREQUENCIES
above 20,000 Hertz (Hz)

7. - refers to how soft or how intense the sound is
- can be determined by the amplitude of the sound waves
A B
High amplitude Low amplitude
Higher energy Lower energy
Higher intensity Lower intensity

8. Decibel (dB) – unit of intensity level for sound.
Alexander Graham Bell
HUMAN HEARING RANGE
0 dB – 120 dB
THRESHOLD OF HEARING
0 dB
THRESHOLD OF PAIN
120 dB

9. - tone quality
- used in differentiating two different sounds that have the same pitch and loudness.

10. Where:
P- power
A- area
SI unit- w/m²
I=
P
A
- the amount of sound energy passing through a unit area per unit time in the direction in which the sound
wave is traveling.

11. Given:
P= 500W
A= 4π(6m)²
I= ?
I=
P
A
What is the intensity 0f sound 6m away from a 500W speaker? How much energy is absorbed by the eardrum per minute if the surface area of the ear is
60mm²?
I=
P
4πr²
6m
I=
P
4πr²
I=
500W
4π(6m)²
= =
500W
452.39m²
= 1.11 w/m²

12. Given:
t= 60 sec.
A= ?
I= 1.11 w/m²
E= ?
I=
P
A
What is the intensity 0f sound 6m away from a 500W speaker? How much energy is absorbed by the eardrum per minute if the surface area of the ear is
60mm²?
P= I A
1.11w
m²
=
60 sec. = 3.996x10 J
P=
E
t
E= P t E= I A.t
60mm²
1
1m
1000mm
=
6x10 m²
x
- 5
²
E= I A.t x
6x10 m²
- 5
1
x 1
- 3

13. - device which convert pressure variation in air with audible frequencies into electrical signal that travel to the
brain via auditory nerve

15. Speed of sound depend on:
• Types of Medium
• Travels better though liquid and solid
• Cant travel through vacuum
• Temperature of Medium

16. Speed of sound depend on:
• Types of Medium
• Travels better though liquid and solid
• Cant’ travel through vacuum
• Temperature of Medium

17. - change in wave frequency caused by a moving wave source
- moving towards you – pitch sound is higher
- moving away from you – pitch sound is lower

18. Refraction of Sound(Diffraction)
• Change in direction as the wave moves from one medium to another
• It bends or refracts as they moves through air
Reflection of Sound
Turning back of wave as it hits the barriers
Echo –reflect sound
sound that is repeated because the sound wave id reflected back
Reverberation- multiple echoes in a certain place

19. Superposition of Waves
-Two Waves in the Same place at he same time; Overlapping

20. Interference
- When Waves are superimposed the interfere with each other
- the magnitudes of the displacement of the waves combine to form the resultant wave.

21. 2 types of interference
* Constructive interference
-interfering waves has displacement in the same direction

22. * Destructive interference
-Interfering waves have displacement in opposite direction

23. Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom
Shockwaves - are regions of increased air pressure and temperature, and when these waves reach the ground, we hear
the sonic boom
Sonic boom - A sonic boom is a thunder-like noise a person on the ground hears when an aircraft or other
type of aerospace vehicle flies overhead faster than the speed of sound, or “supersonic.”

24. Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with a frequency higher than 20 kHz. This is above the human range of hearing. The most common use of ultrasound,
creating images, has industrial and medical applications. The use of ultrasound to create images is based on the reflection and
transmission of a wave at a boundary.

25. Sonar
illustrates how a ship on the ocean utilizes the reflecting properties of sound waves to determine the depth of the ocean. A sound wave is
transmitted and bounces off the seabed. Because the speed of sound is known and the time lapse between sending and
receiving the sound can be measured, the distance from the ship to the bottom of the ocean can be determined.

26. - also known as radiology, is the field of medicine in which medical professionals recreate various images of parts of the body
for diagnostic or treatment purposes. Medical imaging procedures include non-invasive tests that allow doctors to
diagnose injuries and diseases without being intrusive.
Medical imaging

27. •X-rays
•Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
•Endoscopy
•Tactile imaging
•Computerized tomography (CT scan)
Types of Medical Imaging Technologies

28. are a type of radiation called electromagnetic
waves. X-ray imaging creates pictures of the
inside of your body.
X-rays
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
is a medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and
computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of
the organs and tissues in your body.

29. An endoscopy is a procedure where
organs inside your body are
looked at using an instrument called
an endoscope.
Endoscopy
The elastic property of the soft tissues can be mapped by the imaging technique called
Tactile Imaging. It is a type of elastography or elastic imaging. It is also
called as mechanical imaging, computerized palpation and stress
Imaging.
Tactile Imaging

30. A computerized tomography (CT) scan combines a series of X-ray images taken
from different angles around your body and uses computer processing to create
cross- sectional images (slices) of the bones, blood vessels and soft tissues
inside
your body. CT scan images provide more- detailed information than plain
X-rays do.
Computerized tomography (CT)