1. Mike McCreary Albums of American Colonies

2. Native Americans (Canada) The Jesuits of France settled in Canada on a mission to spread Christianity The Native Americans they encountered were the Algonquians, Montagnais, Hurons and the Iroquois These tribes were much more civilized than previously thought Their peaceful ways and agricultural lifestyle of the Algonquians made it easier for the Jesuits to convert them to Christianity

3. Native Americans (United States) With the arrival of the Europeans, many tribes had to adjust to another presence in their land Some, such as Squanto, tried to make peaceful relations through trade Others, like Openchacanough, openly fought against the colonists Eventually treaties had to be signed to stop the exploitation of the Natives Red Shoes used these treaties and conflicts among the European colonies to gain power and wealth between both Indian nations and the colonies Squanto Openchacanough

4. Native Americans (South America) When the Spanish came to S. America, they came looking to conquer and own whatever they found Many were promised better lives but were sold as slaves Priests of the old religion were persecuted and often killed They practiced their religion in secret and pretended to be Christians when accused of witchcraft and idolatry

5. Africans The African slave trade was the greatest forced migration in history Their traditions and culture blended into every part of the land they were forced to move to Some were granted freedom and worked along side the White merchants and farmers During the American Revolution, slaves were offered freedom to fight on the British side They were allowed to marry but this was not seen as legally binding and marriages could be broken up if one was sold to another owner

6. English The English was one of the strongest empires in the world “The sun never sets on the English Empire” meant that their colonies were so far ranging that it was daylight in at least one of them all the time Their presence in America was a tragic beginning at the colony of Jamestown It is still unknown the exact cause of the colony’s collapse but theories include disease, starvation, Indian resistance, and even poisoning Plymouth was a much more successful endeavor set up by the Puritans escaping religious persecution

7. France France colonized much of Canada around the same time England was expanding This created much tension between the two countries The Seven Years (French and Indian) war was fought over this mounting tension between territorial boundaries This war ended with the French being forced out of Canada While still limiting freedoms of the Native Americans, France gave them more leeway into decided what type of lifestyle they wanted under French rule

8. Dutch The Dutch gained occupancy of the territory between Virginia and New France in the 1620’s Colonists of New Amsterdam (New York later) were complaining that the labor on the farms was too difficult and slaves were needed to be productive In the 1640’s, slave trade that originally went from Angola to Curacao (another Dutch colony) was now allowed to go directly to New Amsterdam The Dutch colonies in Brazil also sent slaves to New Amsterdam to help ease the labor disputes

9. Spanish The Spanish conquered all of Mexico and a vast area of S. America Lima is the capital of Peru and was also a Spanish colony An eccentric character who lived most of his life in Lima was Cristobal Bequer He avoided the law by joining a monastery and working his way up the channels of the church He was convicted of harassment but also avoided punishment by delaying the court with appeals for over a year This story shows the influence of church and original countries laws being difficult to enforce in a colony being established

10. Portuguese Brazil was a major colony for the Portuguese It had a major sugar exportation that required a lot of workers Because it was such a vast diverse land, guides were often needed to find “free laborers” Damiana de Cunha was one guide who was a native raised by the colonial governor Her goal was to convince her tribe of the Amazon to move to the villages set up by the Portuguese where the food was more reliable and safer

11. Sources American Colonies Jesuit Relations Struggle and Survival The Aztecs The Slave in Early New York -William Renwick Riddell The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Jan., 1928), pp. 53-86 Published by: Association for the Study of African-American Life and History, Inc.