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Industrial Revolution
- 10. By 1750 there were already no “peasants”
- 11. A Nation of Shopkeepers
- 15. Now, let’s look at the role of cotton
- 20. Ultimately, the most modern center of production, Lancashire, preserved and extended the most primitive form of exploitation : slavery
- 25. Spinning Jenny 1764
- 26. Water Frame 1768
- 27. Spinning Mule 1779
- 30. It was possible to maintain very low wages for the British working population and still remain very profitable due to the huge export market.
Notas del editor
- The invention of agriculture was also pretty big. Guns, Germs, and Steel. I guess what makes the industrial revolution even more transformative was the move away from the land for most people and the enormous injection of wealth into the economies of industrial nations. Combined with colonization, it was also world-wide in scope. The Industrial Revolution also went hand in hand with the rise of capitalism.
- Have students write the formula for profit on the side.
- This map showing the British Empire was produced in 1886. The sun never set on the British empire.
- This is what Gandhi was up against!!!!
- Visitors spoke of the richness of the pastures and numerous flocks. The English countryside was beautiful and prosperous
- Land was held by a small group of very large landlords. Rural life was already commercialized. By then tea was already the national drink, consumed even by the laboring classes. People worked in the fields for cash income.
- Trade with the colonies was much more important than farming or manufacturing to the British economy. This show a British business specializing in tea.
- In 1750 the navy had about 6,000 merchant ships, many times the size of the French fleet.
- This picture depicts the British fleet entering the harbor at Burma. In Britain manufacturing interests held great influence in the government, unlike the other European countries, such as France and the Netherlands.
- Britain experienced extraordinary expansion. Britain could capture other countries export markets and destroy competition within particular countries. Both of these were done to India, which had produced and exported very high quality cotton textiles.
- Hobsbaum, Eric. P. 34
- It was forced slave labor from the New World that supplied so much cotton to Britain. The stockpiling of cotton in the ports city of Liverpool compelled the British to invent machines to deal with it.
- A Liverpool slave ship. Even today, several streets in Liverpool are named after slaving families, such as Tarleton and Gildart.
- Remember, it was the British who controlled virtually all trade, anywhere. During the 18 th century the Indian princely states were waring among themselves, which disrupted the Indian production of cotton textiles.
- Again, this demand for the product made the inventions for cotton spinning necessary.
- This was not a complicated machine!! The ability to build it had existed for years.
- It was the the last two, the water frame and the mule that really implied factory production.
- The technology of cotton manufacture was fairly simple. It required little technical skill or scientific knowledge. It hardly even required steam power. Even many years later in the 1800s, water power was still often used for these machines.
- Later on, the British working people end up having great sympathy for Gandhi and the struggles of the Indian people.
- Contrast Henry Ford who paid a wage sufficient that his employees could buy a Model T. Remember, too, the British government threw its entire weight behind colonization in order to support the British manufacturers.