2. Basic Definition
Religion based on the messages
received by Muhammad
Muhammad: man born around 570 CE
in Mecca, believed by Muslims to be a
prophet
3. True or False?
1. Islam is a polytheistic faith.
2. Followers of Islam are called Arabics.
3. A building for Muslim prayer is called
a mosque.
4. Muslims are not allowed to drink
alcohol.
5. Muslim women are not allowed to
own property.
11. Two Ways of Life
Nomads Sedentary Folks
– Tribes – Farmers
– Caravans – Merchants
– Tents – Settled
12. Where did they meet?
Bazaars
Nomads traded animal
products and desert
herbs for goods like
cooking supplies &
clothing
Merchants sold spices,
gold, leather, crops,
and other goods
15. Muhammad’s Life
Born in 570 CE in Mecca
Caravan driver until age 30
Muslims believe he was a prophet
Angel appeared to Muhammad
Teachings collected in Qur‟an
Made hegira from Mecca to Medina
Died at age 62
17. Biblical Lineage
According to
Muslims, Muhammad is
related to Adam, Noah, and
Abraham
Thus, Jesus would be
Muhammad‟s ancestor
18. What did he teach?
One god, “Allah”
Rich and poor should be equal
World has definite beginning and will
end someday
Paradise is a beautiful garden
Allah will judge all people in the end
Guidelines for behavior & worship
20. Qur’an: Sacred Book
There is only one God.
God will judge all
people.
The good will live in
paradise.
The bad will suffer.
21. Rules for Worship
Don‟t eat pork or drink alcohol.
Do ritual washing before prayer.
5 Pillars of Islam
22. Rules for Society
Slaves should be freed.
Women have the right to
– own property
– earn money
– receive an education
23. Why do Muslim women
wear the veil (hijab)?
Sumayya Syed, 16, says that what parents
or men want have nothing to do with it…
She says it is a form of liberation (freedom).
When a woman is covered, men cannot
judge her by her appearance but are forced
to evaluate her by her
personality, character, and morals.
"I tell them that the hijab is not a
responsibility, it's a right given to me by my
Creator who knows us best. It's a benefit to
me, so why not? It's something every
woman should strive to get and should
want."
24. Jihad: Holy struggle
“To make an effort, to struggle”
Inner struggle people go through in
trying to obey God & behave
according to Islamic ways
Also, struggle to get people to convert
to Islam
25. Sunnah
Way Muhammad lived
Provides a model for
the duties & way of life
expected of Muslims
Inspired 5 pillars of
Islam
26. Shariah
Islamic law
Based on interpretations of Qur‟an and
Sunnah, as well as human reason
Rewards for good behavior
Punishments for bad behavior
27. 5 Pillars of Islam
5 acts of worship required of all
Muslims
– Statement of faith
– Prayer 5x a day
– Almsgiving
– Fasting
– Hajj
28. 1st Pillar
Allah is the one true God
Muhammad is Allah‟s prophet
– “There is no god but God, and
Muhammad is his prophet.”
29. 2nd Pillar
Prayer 5 times
a day
– Sunrise
– Midday
– Late afternoon
– Right after
sunset
– Before bed
30. 3rd Pillar
Yearly donation to charity
Muslims pay part of salary to religious
official
Money used to help poor, build
mosques, or pay debts
31. 4th Pillar
Fasting: going without food or drink
Daily fasting during holy month of
Ramadan, when Allah began
communicating with Muhammad
– No eating when sun is up
Reminds Muslims of all those who go
hungry/thirsty in the world
32. 5th Pillar
Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca
All Muslims must make their hajj once
during lifetime
Kaaba: Islam‟s most sacred place
35. Islamic Empires
Controlled much of Europe, Asia, and
Africa
1400s to 1800s
Ottomans
Safavids
Mughals
36. Ottomans
Muslim Turkish warriors
Ruled land from Eastern Europe to
North Africa and Arabia
Key to power: super army
Janissaries: slave soldiers who
converted to Islam and became fierce
Gunpowder weapons
Mehmed II: built up Istanbul
Suleyman I: pushed into Europe
37. Safavids
Persian Muslims
Shia (Safavids): Muslims who thought
only Muhammad‟s descendents should
become caliphs
Sunnis (Ottomans): believed caliphs
didn‟t have to be related to
Muhammad
Esma‟il: spread Shiism
„Abba: strengthened military
38. Mughals
Turkish Muslims from Central Asia
Babur: established empire
Akbar: religious tolerance
Built beautiful structures like Taj Mahal
in India
Hindus and Muslims could peacefully
coexist in India
48. Poetry influenced by
Sufism
Sufi poets often wrote about their loyalty
to God:
The mighty Mahmud, the victorious Lord,
That all the misbelieving and black Horde
Of Fears and Sorrows that infest the Soul
Scatters and slays
with his enchanted Sword.
-Omar Khayyam
50. Astronomy
Muslims greatly
improved Greek
astrolabe to figure out
directions, location, &
time of day
Observatories to study
sun, moon, stars
51. Math
Combined Indian & Greek ideas to
learn more about math
“Arabic numerals” are what we use
today
–123456789
52. Geography
Using knowledge of stars, explorers
traveled throughout world
Ibn Battuta wrote about his travels to
Africa, India, China, Spain in 1320s
Accurate maps were made
53.
54. Medicine
Combined Greek & Indian knowledge
with own discoveries
First pharmacy school to teach how to
make medicine
Medical encyclopedia written
Treatment for smallpox
55. Philosophy
Sufism: movement
that focuses on
spiritual issues
Sufis believe they
can find God‟s love
by having a
personal
relationship with
him
57. Thank you, Islam!
Write a thank-you note to Muslims for
their contributions to
– Art
– Science
– Math
– Literature
At least ½ page
You have until the end of class