ICWE 2011 Tutorial: Automating the Use of Web APIs through Lightweight Semantics Maria Maleshkova, Carlos Pedrinaci and Dong Liu

6. Interrupt!

7. Web Services or Services on the Web?

10. Geek and Poke

11. The Ecosystem of APIs and Online Data ©Siri (sligthly modified) Over 3500 APIs and 5100 Mashups growing at accelerated rate...

15. Background

18. RDF Example

19. RDF Example

20. RDF Example

24. SPARQL Select Example PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ SELECT ?name1 ?name2 WHERE { ?x foaf:name ?name1 ; foaf:mbox ?mbox1 . ?y foaf:name ?name2 ; foaf:mbox ?mbox2 . FILTER (sameTerm(?mbox1, ?mbox2) && !sameTerm(?name1, ?name2)) }

25. SPARQL Construct Example PREFIX foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ PREFIX vcard: http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0# CONSTRUCT { ?x vcard:N _:v . _:v vcard:givenName ?gname . _:v vcard:familyName ?fname } WHERE { { ?x foaf:firstname ?gname } UNION { ?x foaf:givenname ?gname } . { ?x foaf:surname ?fname } UNION { ?x foaf:family_name ?fname } . }

26. Describing Web APIs

28. WSDL Wikipedia

30. Semantic Web Services OWL-S WSMO

33. Describing Web APIs

35. Kinds of Service Semantics F N B I

37. Category Example wl:FunctionalClassificationRoot ex:Travel ReservationService ex:Accommodation ReservationService subclasses type ex:eCommerceService

42. Conceptual Model

43. Semantics for RESTful and WSDL

47. Annotation Example

48. Annotation Example

49. Annotation Example Service Operation Input Parameter

50. Annotation Example Service Operation Input Parameter

54. Web APIs Discovery

58. Traditional Web Service Discovery

63. Matching Degree

73. iServe Architecture

74. iServe Architecture

75. Minimal Service Model

80. Web API Invocation

89. Example Response HTTP/1.0 200 OK Connection: close Date: Thu, 06 Aug 1998 12:00:15 GMT Server: Apache/1.3.0 (Unix) Last-Modified: Mon, 22 Jun 1998 …... Content-Length: 6821 Content-Type: text/html data data data data data ... status line (protocol status code status phrase) header lines data, e.g., requested html file

92. Current State

93. Web API Grounding Model

96. Invocation Engine

97. Data Transformations

98. Invocation Steps

99. LastFM API Invocation

101. Lifting declare namespace foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1"; declare namespace mo="http://purl.org/ontology/mo/"; let $doc :=doc("OriginalOutputFile") for $listing in $doc//artist let $name := $listing/name let $id := $listing/mbid let $url := $listing/url let $image := $listing/image[@size='medium'] construct { _:p a mo:Artist; foaf:name {data($name)}; mo:musicbrainz_guid {data($id)}; mo:homepage {data($url)}; mo:image {data($image)}; }

107. Thank You! http://sweet.kmi.open.ac.uk/ http://iserve.kmi.open.ac.uk/ http://www.soa4all.eu/