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防潮堤の
合意形成を
本気で
目指すなら
東京大学公共政策大学院
特任准教授 松浦正浩, Ph.D.
2
ヒント1.立場から利害へ
まずは「思い」に
耳を傾けよう
(Fisher and Ury 1981)
3
どっちが
よい計画か?
14.7m
x m
こっちの案が
正しい!
対案は受け入れら
れない!
こっちの案が
正しい!
対案は受け入れら
れない!
4
なぜこの案を
推すのか?
14.7m
x m
自然環境を持続し
たい!漁業を続け
たい!いい景観を
残したい!
津波から人命を守り
たい!
津波の被害を
減らしたい!
5
自然環境を持続し
たい!漁業を続け
たい!いい景観を
残したい!
津波から人命を守り
たい!
津波の被害を
減らしたい!
6
自然環境を維持し
たい!漁業を続け
たい!いい景観を
残したい!
津波から人命を守り
たい!
津波の被害を
減らしたい!
確かに
そう
だよね
・・・
7
背後にある「思い」に
まずは耳を傾けよう
次に、みんなの
「思い」を実現する
「カタチ」を考えよう
8
ヒント2.ガバナンスの転換
多様な「思い」を
冷静かつ効率的に
話せる「場」を
つくろう
(Susskind and Cruikshank 1988)
9
官僚主導型ガバナンス
Decide|決定
Defend|防衛
Announce|告知
DAD model|おとうさんモデル
技術的専門性を有する官僚が・・・
(Urban Land Institute, 1994)
10
思いがひとつなら官僚主導でもうまくいく
(可能性がある)
11
Yes!
No!
No!
No!
No!
No!
100%
多様な思いには官僚主導は対応できない!
12
No!
No!
No!
No!
No!
意見を聴く市民参加はもっとうまくいかない!
No!
No!
10%
10%
10%
10%
15%
15%
30%
(ソロモンの罠, Carpenter and Kennedy 1988)
13
解決策は協働・熟議型のガバナンスのみ!
(まとめ・司会・
タイムキーパー役)
共有する
ファシリテーター
「思い」を
問題解決
に責任もって
関わる
事業者
14
淀川水系流域委員会
(国土交通省近畿地方整備局)
吉野川流域住民の意見を聴く会
(国土交通省吉野川事務所・NPO法人コモンズ)
東京外環道PI地域課題検討会
(国土交通省 関東地方整備局 東京外かく環状国道事務所)
エネルギー・環境の選択肢に関する
討論型世論調査
(国家戦略室)
事例:
15
ヒント3.共同事実確認
まずは
「専門家」に
頼らない!
16
14.7m
17
14.7m
x m
18
14.7m
x m
19
14.7m
x m
20
14.7m
x m
21
「専門家」をコキ使おう!
1.
「思い」を
共有
2.専門家が
「カタチ」を
検討
注
文
提
案
共同事実確認(Joint Fact-Finding)方式
22
これまでの話、
腑に落ちませんか?
23
合意形成の前提条件
としての市民運動・
政治運動・住民投票
24
防潮堤の合意形成を
本気で目指すなら
(まずは「対抗」が必要かも
しれないけれど・・・)
行政
地域
早めの転換を
地域の多様な「思い」を
紡いでみては?
25
計画を数年でつくっても
事業で50年苦労するかも
You've Got to Go Slow
to Go Fast
Susskind (1987)
26
http://mmatsuura.com/
matsuura@pp.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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「防潮堤の合意形成を本気で目指すなら」(松浦正浩)@「あなたはどう思う?マンモス防潮堤:みんなの想いをカタチにする対話フォーラムin仙台」(2014年5月24日)