Want to learn more? Read our Power and Energy Primer:
http://mncee.org/Innovation-Exchange/Resources/Power-and-Energy-Primer/?utm_source=slideshare&utm_medium=slideshare&utm_campaign=slideshare
7. Energy words
Watt (W) [or Kilowatt (kW) = 1000 W]
Unit of power, rate of usage
Light bulbs, hairdryers and blenders
Kilowatt Hour (kWh)
Unit of energy, amount of usage
Power over time
Seen on energy bills
8. Energy words
Btu
British Thermal Unit
Energy – amount of usage
Raise 1lb of water 1˚F
1 Btu = Burning a match
1,000 Btu ≈ 1 cubic foot of natural gas
100,000 Btu = 1 Therm
9. A million different ratings…
(S)EER – (Seasonal) Energy Efficiency
Rating
(S)EER = # of Btu per Wh
SEER = EER ÷ 0.9 = COP x 3.792
Higher is better
SEER 13 is minimum for AC units from 2005
COP – Coefficient of Performance
COP = Work Output per Energy Input
Higher is better
Found on heat pumps
10. A million different ratings…
% Efficient
The ratio of the work done to
the energy supplied to it
Most clear rating
A very general term (cars, motors, etc.)
Efficacy
Amount of Lumens per Watt
Incandescent – 17 Lumens/Watt
Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) – 70 Lum/W
CFLs have about 4X higher Efficacy
(4X “more efficient”)
12. Where does energy come
from?
Major Energy Sources:
Electricity
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Renewables
Solar, Wind, Hydro, Biomass, etc
13. Where does energy come
from?
U.S. Energy Flow, 2006 (Quadrillion Btu)
www.eia.doe.gov
14. Where does energy come
from?
U.S. Energy Flow- Key Points
1/3 of our total energy supply is imported.
85% of the total energy we use is in the form
of fossil fuels.
The percent total energy use of each sector:
Residential- 21%
Commercial- 18%
Industrial- 32%
Transportation- 28%
15. Where does energy come
from?
Electricity
U.S. Electricity Flow, 2006 (Quadrillion Btu)
www.eia.doe.gov
16. Where does energy come
from?
Electricity
Half of our electricity comes from coal.
The rest is from natural gas, nuclear, and
some renewables.
Majority of energy used to make electricity is
domestic.
65% of the energy is lost in conversion,
transmission, and distribution!!!
17. Where does energy come
from?
Electricity from coal or natural gas
1. Fuel is burned to produce
heat to boil water.
2. The steam from the
boiling water spins a
large fan called a turbine.
3. The turbine rotates a
large magnet to create
an electrical charge.
www.oncor.com
18. Where does energy come
from?
Electricity from nuclear
1. Uranium atoms are split in a process
called fission. Fission releases energy
that can be used to make steam.
2. The steam from the
boiling water spins a
large fan called a turbine.
3. The turbine rotates a
large magnet to create
an electrical charge.
www.inkycircus.com
19. Where does energy come
from?
Electricity
Multiple steps and associated efficiencies in converting chemical
energy of a fuel to energy as visible light for illumination.
20. Where does energy come
from?
Petroleum- The U.S. consumed 939 million tons in 2006
www.bp.com
21. Where does energy come
from?
Petroleum
Crude Oil
Oil Sands (Tar Sands)
Shale Oil
22. Where does energy come
from?
Petroleum
Crude Oil
Located in oil wells (Middle East)
Liquid form
Extraction and refinery is less harmful to the
environment
www.wikipedia.org
23. Where does energy come
from?
Petroleum
Oil Sands (Tar Sands)
Mix of clay, sand, water, and bitumen
Bitumen is a viscous, solid or semisolid form of oil
Usually mined through strip or open pit mining
Requires a large amount of water and energy to
process
Most oil reserves in the world are oil sands,
primarily located in Canada and Venezuela
24. Where does energy come
from?
Petroleum
Oil Sands (Tar Sands)
climatechangeaction.blogspot.com
25. Where does energy come
from?
Petroleum
Shale Oil
Sedimentary rock that contains bitumen
Complicated and more expensive to convert to oil
Located worldwide, U.S. has 2/3 of total reserves
in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming
www.dkimages.com
26. Where does energy come
from?
Petroleum
Products Made from a Barrel of Crude Oil (Gallons)
www.eia.doe.gov
27. Where does energy come
from?
Natural Gas- The U.S. consumed 620 billion cubic meters in 2006
www.bp.com
28. Where does energy come
from?
Natural Gas
Primarily composed of methane.
Burns “clean”- emits lower levels of harmful
byproducts than other gases.
Found in underground reservoirs.
LNG is Liquid Natural Gas, which must be kept
at -260°F.
LNG can be shipped and stored easier than in
gaseous form- takes up 1/600th of the volume.
30. Where does energy come
from?
Natural Gas
Over half the homes in the
U.S. use natural gas as
their main heating fuel.
www.eia.doe.gov
31. Where does energy come
from?
Renewable Energy
Electricity
Hydro Burning wood or other biomass
Wind Solar (photovoltaics)
Heat
Burning wood or other biomass
Solar (solar thermal)
Geothermal
Transportation Fuel
Biodiesel (soybeans, algae, etc)
Ethanol (corn, sugarcane, cellulose, etc)
32. Where does energy come
from?
Renewable Energy
The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption in the U.S. Energy Supply, 2005
www.eia.doe.gov
34. Why is carbon bad?
Greenhouse Effect
www.eere.energy.gov
35. Why is carbon bad?
Greenhouse Gases Emitted by U.S.
www.eia.doe.gov
36. Why is carbon bad?
Annual production of different GHGs worldwide
Annual Production of GHGs worldwide
6.01
6
5
Billions Metric Tons of Gas
4
3
2
1
0.03 Less than 0.005 --
0
Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxides HFCs
PFCs
SF6
- - = Not applicable because these gases cannot be summed in native units. www.eia.doe.gov
37. Why is carbon bad?
How bad the different GHGs are for the environment, compared to CO2
The Global Warming Potential of GHGs, by type of Gas, 2005
100
100
90
80
Potential compared to Carbon Dioxide
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
10 6
3
0
Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxides HFCs
PFCs
SF6
www.eia.doe.gov
40. Why is carbon bad?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Since the Industrial Revolution, the
concentration has risen by about 25%
in the Earth’s atmosphere.
www.eoearth.org
41. Why is carbon bad?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Will exceed 700 ppm by the end of this
century.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change, this could lead to
global warming of between 1.5 and 10.4°F!
Frequent severe weather conditions
Damage to many natural ecosystems
42. Why is carbon bad?
Carbon Footprint
“A Carbon Footprint is a measure of the
impact human activities have on the
environment in terms of the amount of
greenhouse gases produced, measured in
units of carbon dioxide.”- carbonfootprint.com
Reduce Yours!
The average carbon footprint in the U.S. is 18.58
tons of CO2 per year!
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