first aid management in india

1. By Dr. Aftab Alam
MBBS

2. BITES
Dog bites
Bruise, breaks,puncture,cuts
What to do?
 Assure ,wash hand.
 Wash wound with running water(atleast 5min) and soap.
 Puncture wound-irrigate.
 Alcohol (40-70%) or betadine.
 Anti-rabies,(0,3,7,14,28) anti-tetanus serum, antibiotics.
 Delay suturing.
 Observe animal.

3. Snake bite
 TYPES
 BITES
 SYMPTOMS- swelling ,burning ,diarrhea ,blurred
vision, numbness, vomiting, fever ,convulsion .
What to do?
 Assure.
 Apply pressure on bitten area.
 Bandage around the limb.
 Immobilize the affected limb.
 Wash the wound with soap-water or betadine.
 Lying on one side
DONTS-Incise, suck, apply, elevate, cool.

4. Insect bite
 WHAT TO DO ?
 Remove sting.
 Wash with soap-water.
 Place ice wrapped in a cloth in every 10 min.
 Apply antiseptic cream.
 Take pain killer.
 Take antihistaminics.
 Remove rings from finger ,nose, ear.
 Check for sudden anaphylactic attack.

5. SPORTS INJURIES
 Common types of injuries:-
sprain, fracture, dislocation.
 SPRAIN
 What ? When ?
 What to do ?
 Pain killers.
 Immobilize till heal.
 Cold compression -20 min 4-8 times.
 Elevation.
 Crepe bandage.
 Remember always start with warming exercise.

6. DISLOCATION & FRACTURE
 What ? When ?
 What to do ?
 Medical condition?
 Pain killers.
 Immobilize the joint.
 Ice.
 Splinting in original position.
 Don’t-massage ,move without support.

7. CUTS
 Clean wound with water.
 Remove debris/dirt .
 Apply antiseptic ointment.
 Apply pressure if bleeding don’t stop.
 Bandage.
 Take ATT(<5yrs).
 Consult doctor if –fever ,pus ,healing delayed.

8. R.T.A. & INJURY
safeguard ,align & immobilize.
 Fracture ,shock ,sever e bleeding ,heart arrest,
Spinal injury.
 FRACTURE
 SHOCK & SEVERE BLEEDING.
 What is shock?
 What to do ?
 Lie down, elevate leg.
 Check breathing ,heart rate, consciousness.
 Severe bleeding - stop bleeding and shock.
 Spinal injury & head trauma -align limbs,
immobilize spine (carry),check consciousness.

9. Heart arrest & CPR
Assess .
Perform CPR.
1.Find consciousness ---------------2.Find pulse ----- -----
3.chest compression ------------4.breathing(htcl)
 Compression rate -100/min.
 Compression depth – 2”
 Compression breathing ratio -30:2.

10. Burns
 Categories .
 What to do ? X
 First degree.
 Run cool water.
 Dry gently.
 Apply sos /silverex cream.
 Sterile bandage.
 Pain killers ,ATT
 Second degree.(blister & scare)
 Clean area, apply cream ,pain killers, rehydrate.
 Third degree.
 All skin layers, no pain ,dehydration ,eschar severe.
 CHEMICAL BURNS-wash, ointment, bandage & consult.

11. Electric shock
 Save yourself.
 Switch off main fuse.
 Move the victim through insulation.
 Assess victim for pulse & breathing.
 Treat if minor burn.

12. FOREIGN BODIES
 Foreign bodies in ear.
 If object is protruding use tweezers.
 If small shake head with ear facing downward with
straight canal and with ear bud.
 If insect --put baby oil in ear &flush with water
 Foreign bodies in nose
 Breath through mouth.
 Blow gently through affected nostril after closing
the unaffected nostril.
 Don’t use tweezers if FB is not protruding.

13. FOREIGN BODIES IN EYES
 Avoid rubbing the eyes.
 Flush with normal saline.
 Remove by wet cotton bud.
 If not ,cover the eyes.

14. FOREIGN BODIES IN THROAT
HEIMLICH MANEUVER

15. NOSE BLEEDING
 Sit & Lean forward.
 Pinch nose for 10 min.
 If not then for another 10 min.
 Place ice pack on nose bridge.
 Drink cold water.
 Don’t sneeze ,suck or lean backward.

16. COMMON AILMENTS
 Fever
 Monitor temperature .
 Remove excess clothing.
 Keep in cool place.
 Plenty fluid .
 Sponging.
 Take needed dose of PCM.
 Don’t give asprin.
 Consult doc. If!

17.  Headache
 Most headaches are treatable.
 If tension headache take cool shower.
 Consult doc. If !
 Gastric problems.
 If chronic take DIGENE/Gelusil .Rentac
/pantaprozole
 Timely food.
 Gastroenteritis.
 sufficient fluid & ORS.
 Take carbohydrates .
 Take PCM if pain.
 Avoid dairy products.

18. Oral problems
 Toothache
 Remove any food particle or anything lodge between
teeth.
 Take any pain killer. (avoid aspirin)
 Apply clove oil or benzocain containing antiseptic.
 Tooth loss.
 Gently hold the fallen tooth by top.
 Don’t touch the roots.
 Rinse the tooth gently (avoid running water)
 Try to replace tooth in socket.
 If you cant place in whole milk/your saliva/salt soln.

19.  Bleeding gum.
 Apply pressure using ice pack.
 Mouth rinse- pinch of salt in lukewarm water-
twice daily.
 Massage regularly .Avoid aspirin.
 Consult DENTIST if bleeding continue.

20. Poisoning
 Identify poison.
 Check for burning around mouth ,breathing difficulty.
 If unconscious position victim on one side.

21. Incidents
 Fainting
 Make him/her sit down or lie down.
 Position on back.
 Clear airway .
 Elevate feet loose collar or belt.
 Consult doc.
 Epilepsy. -assess
Make person safe.
Lie him/her on one side.
Don’t put anything in mouth.

22.  Anaphylaxis /allergic attack
 same as fainting, but if breathing difficulty sit up.
 asthma.
 Heart attack.