Aggregation pipeline has been able to power your analysis of data since version 2.2. In 4.2 we added more power and now you can use it for more powerful queries, updates, and outputting your data to existing collections. Come hear how you can do everything with the pipeline, including single-view, ETL, data roll-ups and materialized views.

1. @
#MDBlocal
How MongoDB 4.2 Pipeline
Powers Queries, Updates and Views
Asya Kamsky, Principal MongoDB Knowitall
asya999
AGGREGATION POWER++
SAN FRANCISCO

2. PREVIOUSLY ...
... 2017

3. #MDBW17
Analytics with MongoDB Aggregation Framework
@asya999 by Asya Kamsky,
Lead MongoDB Maven
PIPELINE POWER

4. STORE
RETRIEVE

5. #MDBLocal
ps ax | grep mongod | head 1
*nix command line pipe
PIPELINE

6. #MDBLocal
$match $group | $sort|
Input stream {} {} {} {} Result {} {} ...
PIPELINE
MongoDB document pipeline

7. DATA PIPELINE
STAGES

8. Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4
{} {} {} {}
{} {} {} {}
DATA PIPELINE
{} {} {} {}
{"$stage":{ ... }}
START
Collection
View
Special stage
STAGES

9. {title: "The Great Gatsby",
language: "English",
subjects: "Long Island"}
{title: "The Great Gatsby",
language: "English",
subjects: "New York"}
{title: "The Great Gatsby",
language: "English",
subjects: "1920s"}
{title: "The Great Gatsby",
language: "English",
subjects: [
"Long Island",
"New York",
"1920s"] },
{"$match":{"language":"English"}}
$match
{ _id:"Long Island",
count: 1 },
$group
{ _id: "New York",
count: 2 },
$unwind
{ _id: "1920s",
count: 1 },
$sort $skip$limit $project
{"$unwind":"$subjects"}
{"$group":{"_id":"$subjects", "count":{"$sum:1}}
{ _id: "Harlem",
count: 1 },
{ _id: "Long Island",
count: 1 },
{ _id: "New York",
count: 2 },
{ _id: "1920s",
count: 1 },
{title: "Open City",
language: "English",
subjects: [
"New York"
"Harlem" ] }
{ title: "The Great Gatsby",
language: "English",
subjects: [
"Long Island",
"New York",
"1920s"] },
{ title: "War and Peace",
language: "Russian",
subjects: [
"Russia",
"War of 1812",
"Napoleon"] },
{ title: "Open City",
language: "English",
subjects: [
"New York",
"Harlem" ] },
{title: "Open City",
language: "English",
subjects: "New York"}
{title: "Open City",
language: "English",
subjects: "Harlem"}
{ _id: "Harlem",
count: 1 },
{"$sort:{"count":-1} {"$limit":3}
{"$project":...}

11. $cursor

12. {title: "The Great Gatsby",
language: "English".
subjects: "Long Island"}
{title: "The Great Gatsby",
language: "English",
subjects: "New York"}
{title: "The Great Gatsby",
language: "English",
subjects: "1920s"}
{title: "The Great Gatsby",
language: "English",
subjects: [
"Long Island",
"New York",
"1920s"] },
{"$match":{"language":"English"}}
$match
{ _id:"Long Island",
count: 1 },
$group
{ _id: "New York",
count: 2 },
$unwind
{ _id: "1920s",
count: 1 },
$sort $skip$limit $project
{"$unwind":"$subjects"}
{"$group":{"_id":"$subjects", "count":{"$sum:1}}
{ _id: "Harlem",
count: 1 },
{ _id: "Long Island",
count: 1 },
{ _id: "New York",
count: 2 },
{ _id: "1920s",
count: 1 },
{title: "Open City",
language: "English",
subjects: [
"New York"
"Harlem" ] }
{ title: "The Great Gatsby",
language: "English",
subjects: [
"Long Island",
"New York",
"1920s"] },
{ title: "War and Peace",
language: "Russian",
subjects: [
"Russia",
"War of 1812",
"Napoleon"] },
{ title: "Open City",
language: "English",
subjects: [
"New York",
"Harlem" ] },
{title: "Open City",
language: "English",
subjects: "New York"}
{title: "Open City",
language: "English",
subjects: "Harlem"}
{ _id: "Harlem",
count: 1 },
{"$sort:{"count":-1} {"$limit":3}
{"$project":...}
$group $sort
1

13. #MDBLocal
INPUT STAGE RESULTSSTAGE
Each document is streamed through in RAM
STREAMING RESOURCE USE

14. #MDBLocal
INPUT STAGE RESULTSSTAGE
BLOCKING RESOURCE USE
Everything has to be kept in RAM (or spill)

20. $sort$match $group
start=ISODate("...")
end=ISODate("...")
{
user: "303900",
ipaddr: "71.56.112.56",
ts:ISODate("2017-05-08T...")
}
{$match:{ts:{$gte:start,$lt:end}}},
{$sort:{ts:1}},
{$group:{_id:"$user",ips:{$push:{ip:"$ipaddr", ts:"$ts"}},
diffIps:{$addToSet:"$ipaddr"}}},
{$match:{"diffIps.1":{$exists:true}}},
{$addFields:{diffs: {$filter:{
input:{$map:{
input: {$range:[0,{$subtract:[{$size:"$ips"},1]}]}, as:"i",
in:{$let:{vars:{ip1:{$arrayElemAt:["$ips","$$i"]},
ip2:{$arrayElemAt:["$ips",{$add:["$$i",1]}]}},
in:{
diff:{$cond:{
if:{$ne:["$$ip1.ip","$$ip2.ip"]},
then:{$divide:[{$subtract:["$$ip2.ts","$$ip1.ts"]},60000]},
else: 9999 }},
ip1:"$$ip1.ip", t1:"$$ip1.ts",
ip2:"$$ip2.ip", t2:"$$ip2.ts"
}}}}},
cond:{$lt:["$$this.diff",10]}
}}}},
{$match:{"diffs":{$ne:[]}}},
{$project:{_id:0, user:"$_id", suspectLogins:"$diffs"}}
{ "user" : "35237073",
"suspectLogins" : [
{"diff": 4.8333333333,
"ip1": "106.220.151.16",
"t1":"2017-05-08T06:58",
"ip2": "223.182.113.15"
"t2":"2017-05-08T07:03"
},
{"diff": 8.3,
"ip1": "223.182.113.15",
"t1":"2017-05-08T07:03",
"ip2": "49.206.217.26",
"t2":"2017-05-08T07:11"
}
]
} $match $addFields $match $project

21. https://github.com/asya999/mdbw17

22. 5 minute review
https://github.com/asya999/mdbw17

23. #MDBW17
Analytics with MongoDB Aggregation Framework
@asya999 by Asya Kamsky,
Lead MongoDB Maven
PIPELINE POWER
https://github.com/asya999/mdbw17

24. PREVIOUSLY ...
... 2017

25. PREVIOUSLY ...
... 2017 ...

26. PREVIOUSLY ...
... 2017 ... 2018

27. #MDBLocal
THE FUTURE OF AGGREGATION
Better performance & optimizations
More stages & expressions
More options for output
Compass helper for aggregate
Unify different languages

28. #MDBLocal
THE FUTURE OF AGGREGATION
Better performance & optimizations
More stages & expressions
More options for output
Compass helper for aggregate
Unify different languages

29. #MDBLocal
THE FUTURE OF AGGREGATION
Better performance & optimizations
More stages & expressions
More options for output
Compass helper for aggregate
Unify different languages

30. #MDBLocal
THE FUTURE OF AGGREGATION
More options for output
Unify different languages

31. #MDBLocal
THE PRESENT OF AGGREGATION
More options for output
Unify different languages

32. #MDBLocal
Unify Different Languages

33. #MDBLocal
Unify Different Languages
{children: [
{name:"Max", dob:"1994-12-01", dep:true},
{name:"Sam", dob:"1997-09-28", dep:true},
{name:"Kim", dob:"2000-02-29", dep:true}
]}
AGGREGATION

34. #MDBLocal
Unify Different Languages
{children: [
{name:"Max", dob:"1994-12-01", dep:true},
{name:"Sam", dob:"1997-09-28", dep:true},
{name:"Kim", dob:"2000-02-29", dep:true}
]}
AGGREGATION
db.c.aggregate([
{$addFields:{
numChildren:{$size:"$children"},
numDependents:{$size:{
$filter:{
input:"$children.dep",
cond: "$$this"
}
}}
}},
...
])

35. #MDBLocal
Unify Different Languages
{children: [
{name:"Max", dob:"1994-12-01", dep:true},
{name:"Sam", dob:"1997-09-28", dep:true},
{name:"Kim", dob:"2000-02-29", dep:true}
]}
AGGREGATION
FIND
db.c.aggregate([
{$addFields:{
numChildren:{$size:"$children"},
numDependents:{$size:{
$filter:{
input:"$children.dep",
cond: "$$this"
}
}}
}},
...
])

36. #MDBLocal
Unify Different Languages
{children: [
{name:"Max", dob:"1994-12-01", dep:true},
{name:"Sam", dob:"1997-09-28", dep:true},
{name:"Kim", dob:"2000-02-29", dep:true}
]}
AGGREGATION
FIND
db.c.find (
{$expr:{
$lt:[
{$size:{$filter:{
input: "$children.dep",
cond: "$$this"
}}},
2
]
}}
)

37. #MDBLocal
Unify Different Languages
{children: [
{name:"Max", dob:"1994-12-01", dep:true},
{name:"Sam", dob:"1997-09-28", dep:true},
{name:"Kim", dob:"2000-02-29", dep:true}
]}
AGGREGATION
FIND
UPDATE
db.c.find (
{$expr:{
$lt:[
{$size:{$filter:{
input: "$children.dep",
cond: "$$this"
}}},
2
]
}}
)

38. #MDBLocal
Unify Different Languages
{children: [
{name:"Max", dob:"1994-12-01", dep:true},
{name:"Sam", dob:"1997-09-28", dep:true},
{name:"Kim", dob:"2000-02-29", dep:true}
]}
AGGREGATION
FIND
UPDATE
db.c.update(
{$expr:{
$anyElementTrue:{$map:{
input:"$children",
in: {$and:[
{$lt:["$$this.dob","1997-01-22"]},
"$$this.dep"
]}
}}
}},
{$set:{ audit:true }}
)

39. #MDBLocal
Update
db.coll.update(
<query>,
<update>,
<options>
)

40. #MDBLocal
Update
db.coll.update(
<query>,
<update>,
<options>
)

41. #MDBLocal
Update
db.coll.update(
<query>,
<update>,
<options>
)
<update>

42. #MDBLocal
Update
{
f1: <value>,
f2: <value>,
...
}
{
$set: { },
$inc: { },
$...
}
<update>

43. #MDBLocal
Update in 4.2
{ } OR [ ]
<update>

44. #MDBLocal
Update in 4.2
{ <same> } [ ]
<update>

45. #MDBLocal
Update in 4.2
{ <same> } [ <aggregation-pipeline> ]
<update>

46. Updates Using Aggregation
Pipeline

47. #MDBLocal
{ $addFields: { } }
{ $project: { } }
{ $replaceRoot: { } }
{ $set: { } }
{ $unset: [ ] }
{ $replaceWith: { } }

48. #MDBLocal
db.coll.update({_id:1},
{$inc:{a:1}},
{upsert:true})
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id: 1, a: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11 }
{ _id: 1, a: 101 }
{ _id: 1, a: 1 }
"errmsg" : "Cannot apply to a value of
non-numeric type."

49. #MDBLocal
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id: 1, a: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11 }
{ _id: 1, a: 101 }
{ _id: 1, a: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 1 }
db.coll.update({_id:1},
[ {$set:{a:{$sum:["$a",1]}}} ],
{upsert:true})

50. #MDBLocal
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id: 1, a: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11 }
{ _id: 1, a: 101 }
{ _id: 1, a: 1 }
"errmsg" : "$add only supports
numeric or date types, not string"
db.coll.update({_id:1},
[ {$set:{a:{$add:["$a",1]}}} ],
{upsert:true})

51. #MDBLocal
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11 }
{ _id: 1, a: 101 }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
db.coll.update({_id:1},
[ {$set:{a:{$ }} ],
{upsert:true})

52. #MDBLocal
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11 }
{ _id: 1, a: 101 }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
db.coll.update({_id:1}, [ {$set:{a:{$cond:{
if: ,
then: , else: }}}}], {upsert:true})

53. #MDBLocal
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11 }
{ _id: 1, a: 101 }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
db.coll.update({_id:1}, [ {$set:{a:{$cond:{
if: {$eq:[{$type:"$a"},"missing"]},
then: , else: }}}}], {upsert:true})

54. #MDBLocal
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11 }
{ _id: 1, a: 101 }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
db.coll.update({_id:1}, [ {$set:{a:{$cond:{
if: {$eq:[{$type:"$a"},"missing"]},
then: 21, else: {$sum:["$a",1]} }}}}], {upsert:true})

55. #MDBLocal
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
db.coll.update({_id:1}, [ {$set:{a:{$cond:{
if: {$eq:[{$type:"$a"},"missing"]},
then: 21, else: {$sum:["$a",1]} }}}}], {upsert:true})

56. #MDBLocal
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
db.coll.update({_id:1}, [ {$set:{a:{$min:[100, {$cond:{
if: {$eq:[{$type:"$a"},"missing"]},
then: 21, else: {$sum:["$a",1]} }}]} }}], {upsert:true})

57. #MDBLocal
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id:1, a: 1 }
db.coll.update({_id:1}, [ {$set:{a:{$min:[100, {$cond:{
if: {$eq:[{$type:"$a"},"missing"]},
then: 21, else: {$sum:["$a",1]} }}]} }}], {upsert:true})

58. #MDBLocal
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id:1, a: 1 }
db.coll.update({_id:1}, [ {$set:{a:{$min:[100, {$cond:{
if: {$eq:[{$type:"$a"},"missing"]},
then: 21, else: {$sum:["$a",1]} }}]}, prev_a:"$a" }}],
{upsert:true})

59. #MDBLocal
{ _id: 1 }
{ _id: 1, a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100 }
---
{ _id: 1, a: "10" }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id: 1, a: 11, prev_a: 10 }
{ _id: 1, a: 100, prev_a: 100 }
{ _id:1, a: 21 }
{ _id:1, a: 1, prev_a: "10" }
db.coll.update({_id:1}, [ {$set:{a:{$min:[100, {$cond:{
if: {$eq:[{$type:"$a"},"missing"]},
then: 21, else: {$sum:["$a",1]} }}]}, prev_a:"$a" }}],
{upsert:true})

60. #MDBLocal
Set Defaults

61. #MDBLocal
Set Defaults
{_id: 1, a: 5, b: 12}
{_id: 2, a: 15, c: "abc"}
{_id: 3, b: 99, c: "xyz"}
If a or b are missing, set to 0, if c is missing -> "unset"

62. #MDBLocal
Set Defaults
{_id: 1, a: 5, b: 12}
{_id: 2, a: 15, c: "abc"}
{_id: 3, b: 99, c: "xyz"}
If a or b are missing, set to 0, if c is missing -> "unset"
db.coll.update({}, [
{$replaceWith:{
}}
], {multi:true})

63. #MDBLocal
Set Defaults
{_id: 1, a: 5, b: 12}
{_id: 2, a: 15, c: "abc"}
{_id: 3, b: 99, c: "xyz"}
If a or b are missing, set to 0, if c is missing -> "unset"
db.coll.update({}, [
{$replaceWith:{$mergeObjects:[
]}}
], {multi:true})

64. #MDBLocal
Set Defaults
{_id: 1, a: 5, b: 12}
{_id: 2, a: 15, c: "abc"}
{_id: 3, b: 99, c: "xyz"}
If a or b are missing, set to 0, if c is missing -> "unset"
db.coll.update({}, [
{$replaceWith:{$mergeObjects:[
{ a:0, b:0, c:"unset" },
"$$ROOT"
]}}
], {multi:true})

65. #MDBLocal
Set Defaults
{_id: 1, a: 5, b: 12}
{_id: 2, a: 15, c: "abc"}
{_id: 3, b: 99, c: "xyz"}
If a or b are missing, set to 0, if c is missing -> "unset"
db.coll.update({}, [
{$replaceWith:{$mergeObjects:[
{ a:0, b:0, c:"unset" },
"$$ROOT"
]}}
], {multi:true})
{_id: 1, a: 5, b: 12, c: "unset"}
{_id: 2, a: 15, b: 0, c: "abc"}
{_id: 3, a: 0, b: 99, c: "xyz"}

66. #MDBLocal
{ id: 1,
d: ISODate("2019-06-04T00:00:00"),
h: [
{ hour:"11", value: 296 },
{ hour:"12", value: 300 }
]}
id: X, d:Y, hour:Z, value: VAL
db.coll.update({id:X, d:Y},
[ {$set:{h:{$cond:{
if:
then:
else:
}}}}],
{upsert:true})

67. #MDBLocal
{ id: 1,
d: ISODate("2019-06-04T00:00:00"),
h: [
{ hour:"11", value: 296 },
{ hour:"12", value: 300 }
]}
id: X, d:Y, hour:Z, value: VAL
db.coll.update({id:X, d:Y},
[ {$set:{h:{$cond:{
if: {$in:[Z,"$h.hour"]},
then:{$map:{
input:"$h",
in: {$cond:{ if:{$ne:["$$this.hour",Z]}, then:"$$this",
else: {hour: Z, value: {$sum:[ "$$this.value", VAL]}}
}}}},
else:{$concatArrays:["$h",[{hour:Z,value:VAL}]]}
}}}}],
{upsert:true})
if:
then:
else:

68. #MDBLocal
if:
then:
else:
{ id: 1,
d: ISODate("2019-06-04T00:00:00"),
h: [
{ hour:"11", value: 296 },
{ hour:"12", value: 300 }
]}
id: X, d:Y, hour:Z, value: VAL
db.coll.update({id:X, d:Y}, [ {$set: {h:{$ifNull:["$h", [] ]}} },
{$set:{h:{$cond:{
if: {$in:[Z,"$h.hour"]},
then:{$map:{
input:"$h",
in: {$cond:{ if:{$ne:["$$this.hour",Z]}, then:"$$this",
else: {hour: Z, value: {$sum:[ "$$this.value", VAL]}}
}}}},
else:{$concatArrays:["$h",[{hour:Z,value:VAL}]]}
}}}}],
{upsert:true})

69. #MDBLocal
Recap:
Updates can be specified with aggregation pipeline
All fields from existing document can be accessed
Slightly slower, but a lot more powerful

70. #MDBLocal
THE FUTURE OF AGGREGATION
Better performance & optimizations
More stages & expressions
More options for output
Compass helper for aggregate
Unify different languages

71. #MDBLocal
THE FUTURE OF AGGREGATION
Better performance & optimizations
More stages & expressions
More options for output
Compass helper for aggregate
Unify different languages

72. #MDBLocal
THE FUTURE OF AGGREGATION
More options for output

73. #MDBLocal
More Options for Output

74. #MDBLocal
Prior to MongoDB 4.2
$out
coll
new_coll
$out

75. #MDBLocal
Prior to MongoDB 4.2
$out
coll
new_coll
$out
db.coll.aggregate( [ {pipeline}, ...
{$out: "new_coll"} ]);

76. #MDBLocal
Prior to MongoDB 4.2
$out
coll
new_coll
$out
db.coll.aggregate( [ {pipeline}, ...
{$out: "new_coll"} ]);
new_coll
○ must be unsharded
○ overwrites existing

77. New $merge stage
in aggregation pipeline

78. #MDBLocal
MongoDB 4.2
$merge
coll
coll2
$merge

79. #MDBLocal
MongoDB 4.2
$merge
db.coll.aggregate( [
{pipeline}, ...,
{$merge: { ... }
]);
coll
coll2
$merge

80. #MDBLocal
MongoDB 4.2
$merge
db.coll.aggregate( [
{pipeline}, ...,
{$merge: { ... }
]);
coll2
can exist
same or different 'db'
can be sharded
coll
coll2
$merge

81. #MDBLocal
coll
coll2
$merge
{ } { } { } { }
{ } { } { } { }
MongoDB 4.2

82. #MDBLocal
{
$merge: {
into: <target>
}
}
$merge syntax

83. #MDBLocal
{$merge: "collection2"}
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>
}
}

84. #MDBLocal
{$merge: {into: {db: "db2", coll: "collection2"}}
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>
}
}

85. #MDBLocal
{
$merge: {
into: <target>
}
}
$merge syntax

86. #MDBLocal
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
on: <fields>
}
}
on: "_id"
on: [ "_id", "shardkey(s)" ]
must be unique
$merge syntax

87. #MDBLocal
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
on: <fields>
}
}
$merge syntax

88. #MDBLocal
Actions
source target

89. #MDBLocal
Actions
nothing matched:
source target

90. #MDBLocal
Actions
nothing matched: usually insert
source target

91. #MDBLocal
Actions
nothing matched: usually insert
document matched:
source target

92. #MDBLocal
Actions
nothing matched: usually insert
document matched: overwrite? update? ???
source target

93. #MDBLocal
Actions
nothing matched: usually insert
document matched: update
source target

94. #MDBLocal
Actions
nothing matched: usually insert
document matched: update (merge)
source target

95. #MDBLocal
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenNotMatched:
whenMatched:
}
}

96. #MDBLocal
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenNotMatched:"insert",
whenMatched:
}
}

97. #MDBLocal
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenNotMatched:"insert",
whenMatched:"merge"
}
}

98. #MDBLocal
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenNotMatched:"insert"|"discard"|"fail",
whenMatched:"merge"
}
}

99. #MDBLocal
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenNotMatched:"insert"|"discard"|"fail",
whenMatched:"merge"|"replace"|"keepExisting"|"fail"|[...]
}
}

100. #MDBLocal
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[...]
}
}

101. #MDBLocal
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[<custom pipeline>]
}
}

102. #MDBLocal
$merge example
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[
{$addFields:{
}}
]
}
}

103. #MDBLocal
$merge example
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[
{$addFields:{
total:{$sum:["$total","$$new.total"]}
}}
]
}
}

104. #MDBLocal
$merge example
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[
{$set:{
total:{$sum:["$total","$$new.total"]}
}}
]
}
}

105. #MDBLocal
$merge example
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[
{$set:{
total:{$sum:["$total","$$new.total"]}
}}
]
}
}

106. #MDBLocal
$merge example
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[
{$set:{
total:{$sum:["$total","$$new.total"]}
}}
]
}
}
Incoming Target
{
_id: "37",
total: 64,
f1: "x"
}
{
_id: "37",
total: 245,
f1: "yyy"
}
Result:
{
}

107. #MDBLocal
$merge example
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[
{$set:{
total:{$sum:["$total","$$new.total"]}
}}
]
}
}
Incoming Target
{
_id: "37",
total: 64,
f1: "x"
}
{
_id: "37",
total: 245,
f1: "yyy"
}
Result:
{
_id: "37",
total: 309,
f1: "yyy"
}

108. #MDBLocal
$merge example 2
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[
{$replaceWith:{$mergeObjects:[
"$$new",
{total:{$sum:["$$new.total", "$total"]}}
]}}
]
}
}

109. #MDBLocal
$merge example 2
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[
{$replaceWith:{$mergeObjects:[
"$$new",
{total:{$sum:["$$new.total", "$total"]}}
]}}
]
}
}
Incoming Target
{
_id: "37",
total: 64,
f1: "x"
}
{
_id: "37",
total: 245,
f1: "yyy"
}
Result:
{
}

110. #MDBLocal
$merge example 2
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[
{$replaceWith:{$mergeObjects:[
"$$new",
{total:{$sum:["$$new.total", "$total"]}}
]}}
]
}
}
Incoming Target
{
_id: "37",
total: 64,
f1: "x"
}
{
_id: "37",
total: 245,
f1: "yyy"
}
Result:
{
_id: "37",
total: 309,
f1: "x"
}

111. #MDBLocal
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
whenMatched:[...]
}
}

112. #MDBLocal
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
let: { ... },
whenMatched:[ ...]
}
}

113. #MDBLocal
$merge syntax
{
$merge: {
into: <target>,
let: {new: "$$ROOT"},
whenMatched:[ ...]
}
}

114. EXAMPLES
APPEND from TEMP collection

115. #MDBLocal
temp
real
data
real
Using $merge to append loaded and
cleansed records loaded into db

116. #MDBLocal
aggregate 'temp' and append valid records to 'data'
db.temp.aggregate( [
{ ... } /* pipeline to massage and cleanse data in temp */,
{$merge:{
into: "data",
whenMatched: "fail"
}}
]);

117. #MDBLocal
aggregate 'temp' and append valid records to 'data'
db.temp.aggregate( [
{ ... } /* pipeline to massage and cleanse data in temp */,
{$merge:{
into: "data",
whenMatched: "fail"
}}
]);
Similar to SQL's INSERT INTO T1 SELECT * from T2

118. EXAMPLES
Maintain Single View

119. #MDBLocal
mflix
users
users
mfriendbook
users
sv
Using $merge to populate/update
user fields from other services

120. #MDBLocal
mflix
users
users
mfriendbook
users
sv
Using $merge to populate/update
user fields from other services
sv.users
{
_id: "user253",
dob: ISODate(...),
f1: "yyy"
}

121. #MDBLocal
$merge updates fields from mflix.users collection into
sv.users collection. Our "_id" field is unique username
mflix_pipeline = [
{ "$project" : {
"_id" : "$username",
"mflix" : "$$ROOT"
}},
{ "$merge" : {
"into" : {
"db": "sv",
"collection" : "users"
},
"whenNotMatched" : "discard"
}}
]
(in mflix)
sv.users
{
_id: "user253",
dob: ISODate(...),
f1: "yyy"
}

122. #MDBLocal
$merge updates fields from mflix.users collection into
sv.users collection. Our "_id" field is unique username
mflix_pipeline = [
{ "$project" : {
"_id" : "$username",
"mflix" : "$$ROOT"
}},
{ "$merge" : {
"into" : {
"db": "sv",
"collection" : "users"
},
"whenNotMatched" : "discard"
}}
]
(in mflix) db.users.aggregate(mflix_pipeline)
sv.users
{
_id: "user253",
dob: ISODate(...),
f1: "yyy",
mflix: { ... }
}

123. #MDBLocal
$merge updates fields from mfriendbook.users collection into
sv.users collection. Our "_id" field is unique username
mfriendbook_pipeline = [
{ "$project" : {
"_id" : "$username",
"mfriendbook" : "$$ROOT"
}},
{ "$merge" : {
"into" : {
"db": "sv",
"collection" : "users"
},
"whenNotMatched" : "discard"
}}
]
(in mfriendbook)
sv.users
{
_id: "user253",
dob: ISODate(...),
f1: "yyy",
mflix: { ... }
}

124. #MDBLocal
$merge updates fields from mfriendbook.users collection into
sv.users collection. Our "_id" field is unique username
mfriendbook_pipeline = [
{ "$project" : {
"_id" : "$username",
"mfriendbook" : "$$ROOT"
}},
{ "$merge" : {
"into" : {
"db": "sv",
"collection" : "users"
},
"whenNotMatched" : "discard"
}}
]
(in mfriendbook) db.users.aggregate(mfriendbook_pipeline)
sv.users
{
_id: "user253",
dob: ISODate(...),
f1: "yyy",
mflix: { ... },
mfriendbook: { ... }
}

125. EXAMPLES
Populate ROLLUPS into summary table

126. registrations
real
regsummary
real
Using $merge to incrementally
update periodic rollups in summary

127. #MDBLocal
$merge to create/update periodic
rollups in summary collection (for all days)
db.regsummary.createIndex({event:1, date:1}, {unique: true});

128. #MDBLocal
$merge to create/update periodic
rollups in summary collection (for all days)
db.regsummary.createIndex({event:1, date:1}, {unique: true});
db.registrations.aggregate([
{$match: {event_id: "MDBW19"}},
{$group:{
_id:{$dateToString:{date:"$date",format:"%Y-%m-%d"}},
count: {$sum:1}
}},
{$project: {_id:0,event:"MDBW19",date:"$_id",total:"$count"}},
{$merge: {
into: "regsummary",
on: ["event", "date"]
}}
])

129. #MDBLocal
$merge to create/update periodic
rollups in summary collection (for all days)
db.regsummary.createIndex({event:1, date:1}, {unique: true});
db.registrations.aggregate([
{$match: {event_id: "MDBW19"}},
{$group:{
_id:{$dateToString:{date:"$date",format:"%Y-%m-%d"}},
count: {$sum:1}
}},
{$project: {_id:0,event:"MDBW19",date:"$_id",total:"$count"}},
{$merge: {
into: "regsummary",
on: ["event", "date"]
}}
])
{ "event" : "MDBW19", "date" : "2019-05-19", "total" : 33 }
{ "event" : "MDBW19", "date" : "2019-05-20", "total" : 15 }
{ "event" : "MDBW19", "date" : "2019-05-21", "total" : 24 }

130. #MDBLocal
$merge to incrementally update periodic rollups in
summary collection (for single day)

131. #MDBLocal
$merge to incrementally update periodic rollups in
summary collection (for single day)
db.registrations.aggregate([
{$match: {
event_id: "MDBW19",
date:{$gte:ISODate("2019-05-22"),$lt:ISODate("2019-05-23")}
}},
{$count: "total"},
{$addFields: {event:"MDBW19", "date":"2019-05-22"}},
{$merge: {
into: "regsummary",
on: ["event", "date"]
}}
])

132. #MDBLocal
$merge to incrementally update periodic rollups in
summary collection (for single day)
db.registrations.aggregate([
{$match: {
event_id: "MDBW19",
date:{$gte:ISODate("2019-05-22"),$lt:ISODate("2019-05-23")}
}},
{$count: "total"},
{$addFields: {event:"MDBW19", "date":"2019-05-22"}},
{$merge: {
into: "regsummary",
on: ["event", "date"]
}}
])
{ "event" : "MDBW19", "date" : "2019-05-19", "total" : 33 }
{ "event" : "MDBW19", "date" : "2019-05-20", "total" : 15 }
{ "event" : "MDBW19", "date" : "2019-05-21", "total" : 24 }
{ "event" : "MDBW19", "date" : "2019-05-22", "total" : 34 }