Debugging Accessibility - The talk covers: Crash course on accessibility, how to debug accessibility in native apps, know what to test, how to test it, how to use the accessibility inspector and what role UI testing plays in accessibility. This talk was presented at iOSCon on 31st of March 2017.

1. DEBUGGING
ACCESSIBILITY
SALLY SHEPARD
@MOSTGOOD

2. CRASH COURSE ON
ACCESSIBILITY

3. WHAT IS
ACCESSIBILITY?

5. the quality of being easily
reached, entered or used by
people who have a disability?

6. “Disability is…a complex phenomenon,
reflecting the interaction between
features of a person’s body and features
of the society in which he or she lives.”
-World Health Organisation,
definition of disability

7. “Disability never holds anyone back,
disability is not something that people
need to overcome. The barriers that
exist are created by society.”
-Haben Girma,
WWDC 2016: Disability and Innovation: The Universal Benefits
of Accessible Design

8. PEOPLE HAVE
IMPAIRMENTS,
NOT DISABILITIES.

9. DISABILITY ONLY EXISTS
IF THERE IS NO WAY
FOR A PERSON TO BE
INCLUDED.

10. ACCESSIBILITY IS ABOUT
ENABLING PEOPLE.

11. ☹

12. 😀

13. ☹

14. 😀

15. ☹

16. 😀?

17. IF YOUR APP ISN’T ACCESSIBLE, YOU
ARE CREATING BARRIERS FOR USERS,
YOU’RE MAKING THEIR IMPAIRMENT A
DISABILITY.

18. ACCESSIBILITY IS ABOUT
ENABLING PEOPLE BY
REMOVING BARRIERS.

19. WHO USES
ACCESSIBILITY?

20. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/design/inclusive

21. Users with Visual
Impairments
VoiceOver
Users
What we assume
(Blind users)

22. Users with Visual
Impairments
VoiceOver
Users
For illustration purposes only, not necessarily accurate of the number of users.
What’s more likely

23. Users with Visual
Impairments
VoiceOver
Users
Large Text Users
For illustration purposes only, not necessarily accurate of the number of users.

24. Users with Visual
Impairments
VoiceOver
Users
Large Text Users
Increase
Contrast Users
For illustration purposes only, not necessarily accurate of the number of users.

25. Users with Visual
Impairments
VoiceOver
Users
Large Text Users
Increase
Contrast Users Bold Text Users
For illustration purposes only, not necessarily accurate of the number of users.

26. Users with Visual
Impairments VoiceOver
Users
Large Text Users
Increase
Contrast Users Bold Text Users
Darken Colours
Users
For illustration purposes only, not necessarily accurate of the number of users.

27. ACCESSIBILITY IS NOT
JUST VOICEOVER.

29. DON’T WORRY ABOUT
WHAT A USER CAN’T DO.
FOCUS ON WHAT THE
TECHNOLOGY CAN DO.

31. WHY DO WE TAKE
PHOTOS?

32. DON’T WORRY ABOUT
WHAT A USER CAN’T DO.
FOCUS ON WHAT THE
TECHNOLOGY CAN DO.

33. DEBUGGING ACCESSIBILITY
1) KNOWING SOMETHING IS BROKEN
2) FINDING OUT HOW IT’S BROKEN
3) FIX AND RE-TEST

34. 1) KNOWING
SOMETHING IS BROKEN

35. WHAT NEEDS TO BE
TESTED?

36. THERE ARE SO MANY
ACCESSIBILITY SETTINGS!
😱

37. VoiceOver
Zoom
Invert Colors
Greyscale
Color Filters
Speak Selection/Screen
Dynamic Type
Bold Text
Button Shapes
Reduce Transparency
Darken Colours
Reduce White Point
Reduce Motion
On/Off Labels
Switch Control
AssistiveTouch
Hold Duration
Ignore Repeat
Tap Assistance
Dictation/Siri
Flash for alerts
Mono Audio
Audio Volume Balance
Hearing Aids
Phone noise cancellation
Subtitle & Captioning
Audio Descriptions
Haptic Feedback
Guided Access
iOS

38. VoiceOver
Dynamic Type
Bold Text
Reduce Transparency
Reduce Motion
Switch Control
Greyscale
Invert Colors
Subtitle & Captioning
Audio Descriptions
iOS

39. VoiceOver
Zoom
Invert Colors
Greyscale
Differentiate without colour
Increase Contrast
Reduce Transparency
Reduce Motion
Display contrast
Cursor Size
Switch Control
Dictation/Siri
Dwell Control
Keyboard Access
Flash for alerts
Mono Audio
Subtitles and Captioning
Audio Descriptions
macOS

40. VoiceOver
Increase Contrast
Reduce Transparency
Reduce Motion
Switch Control
Differentiate without colour
Dictation/Siri
Mono Audio
Subtitles and Captioning
Audio Descriptions
macOS

41. VoiceOver
Zoom
Greyscale
Dynamic Type
Bold Text
Reduce Transparency
Reduce Motion
On/Off Labels
Dictation/Siri
Mono Audio
Haptic Feedback
watchOS

42. VoiceOver
Dynamic Type
Bold Text
Reduce Transparency
Reduce Motion
Greyscale
Mono Audio
Haptic Feedback
watchOS

43. VoiceOver
Zoom
Invert Colours
Colour Filters
Light Sensitivity
Reduce White Point
Bold Text
Reduce Transparency
Focus Style
Reduce Motion
Switch Control
Dictation/Siri
Subtitle & Captioning
Audio Descriptions
tvOS

44. VoiceOver
Bold Text
Reduce Transparency
Reduce Motion
Switch Control
Greyscale*
Subtitle & Captioning
Audio Descriptions
tvOS

45. BROKEN VS. WORKING

46. VOICEOVER

47. developer.apple.com/ios/human-interface-guidelines

48. From the
Accessibility
Programming Guide
for iOS on
developer.apple.com

49. -FOCUSABLE
-LABELED
-TRAITS
-ACTIONABLE
-STATE
-CONTEXT

50. LARGE TEXT

52. BOLD TEXT

55. REDUCE
TRANSPARENCY

56. developer.apple.com/ios/human-interface-guidelines

57. REDUCE MOTION

59. GREYSCALE

62. SWITCH CONTROL

65. -FOCUSABLE
-ACTIONABLE
-HIERARCHY
-GROUPED

66. 2) FINDING OUT HOW
IT’S BROKEN

67. WHO CAN TEST?

68. DEVELOPERS
DESIGNERS
PRODUCT PEOPLE
QA/TESTERS
…EVERYONE!

69. MANUAL TESTING
(ON A DEVICE)

70. NOTHING IS BETTER
THAN MANUAL TESTING.

71. CAN SPEED UP MANUAL
TESTING?

72. KNOW YOUR
GESTURES!

73. http://bit.ly/2nGZLgx
Focus an element Tap
Activate the focused element Double-tap
Double-tap an item Triple-tap
Move focus to the next or previous item Swipe right or left
Adjust a Slider value Swipe up or down
Move through custom actions Swipe up or down
Read all the elements in order, from the top of the screen Two-finger swipe up
Read all the elements in order, from currently focused
element
Two-finger swipe down
Stop/resume speaking Two-finger tap
Go back to the previous view or dismiss an alert Two-finger scrub, quickly making a “z”
Scroll by a page in a table view or scroll view Three-finger swipe up or down
Scroll continuously in a table view or scroll view Double-tap and hold until you hear three rising tones, then
drag up or down
Go to the next or previous page Three-finger swipe right or left
Speak additional information about the element, such as
position within a list or whether text is selected
Three-finger tap
Focus on the first element on the screen Four-finger tap at top of screen
Focus on the last element on the screen Four-finger tap at bottom of screen
Mute or unmute VoiceOver Three-finger double-tap

74. 2-FINGER
SWIPE UP
READ CONTENTS OF
SCREEN IN ORDER
FROM THE TOP

75. COMBINE SETTINGS.

76. SUPPORT.APPLE.COM/ACCESSIBILITY

77. ACCESSIBILITY
INSPECTOR

78. NEW IN XCODE 8

81. -ACCESSIBILITY ELEMENT INSPECTION
-AUDIT
-SETTINGS
ACCESSIBILITY INSPECTOR

82. HARDWARE OR
SIMULATOR

83. CONTROL SETTINGS ON
HARDWARE

84. “SPY” ON OTHER APPS

85. DEMO
🤞

86. AUTOMATED TESTING

87. UI TESTING USES
ACCESSIBILITY INFORMATION

88. APP NOT UI-TESTABLE BECAUSE:
-NOT ACCESSIBLE
-POOR ACCESSIBILITY DATA

89. UI-TESTABLE = ACCESSIBLE?

90. DOESN’T GUARANTEE
ACCESSIBILITY.

91. VOICEOVER &
SWITCH CONTROL

92. DOESN’T HELP WITH ALL
THE OTHER THINGS…

93. 3) FIX IT & RE-TEST

94. GET REAL USERS
INVOLVED!

95. GET BETA TESTERS WHO
USE A VARIETY OF
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY.

96. APPLEVIS.COM
@APPLEVIS

98. DON’T WORRY ABOUT
WHAT A USER CAN’T DO.
FOCUS ON WHAT THE
TECHNOLOGY CAN DO.

99. THANK YOU!
@MOSTGOOD

100. QUESTIONS?
@MOSTGOOD

101. DEBUGGING SUGGESTIONS?
@MOSTGOOD