10. Order of Writing
1. Results
2. Methods
3. Discussion
4. Introduction
5. Abstract
6. Title
11. Results
• Outline first
• Style can wait
• What you found
Chart, Table, Text
Don’t repeat information
12. Methods
• Detail: What did you do
• How: Ensure reproducibility
• Illustrate: Diagrams or photos
• Statistics: Power and detail
Give References
13. Discussion: Style
• Write on your own
• Have a logical thread
• Explain: meaning of results
• How your study is different
• End up with a message
14. Discussion: Content
• Recapitulate main findings
• Discuss the method used
• Argue conflict of results with
other studies
Why yours are more convincing
Implications of your study
15. Introduction
• Should be brief
• State the Reason:
Why you started this study
Caution: The question posed here
must be answered in the discussion
16. Abstract
• Word limit: < 150*
• Title
– Should be short
– Yet contain maximum
information
– Should be retrievable
Avoid: “A Study of”
No Abbreviations
18. References
• You should read them all
• Should be retrievable
Check accuracy
Should be Relevant
19. Case Reports - tips
• Why you started?
• What is interesting?
• Give complete details of case
• Why it is different ?
• What are the implications?
Keep it short: 600-1000 words
20. Incubation and Drafts
• Wait after first draft
• Relook in 3 wks
• Colleague Treatment
• Outsider Treatment
• Format for the journal
Redraft at each Step
More drafts: Easy Publication
21. Which Journal
• Requirements as per
–Types of Papers
–Style of Papers
• Check special requirements
• Reason why that journal
22. Additional Needs
• Ethical Clearance
• Declarations:
–Authorship
–Originality
–Not published earlier
–Not sent to any other journal
–Conflict of interest
26. Common Mistakes ..contd.
• Format not as per journal
• References not as per format
• Word limit crossed
• Author details incomplete
• Declarations not attached
27. Grammar …..Mistakes ..contd.
• Past Tense
–What you did
–What you found
• Sentences
–Short
–Avoid tortuous
Present tense for
Universal Truths only
Avoid sentences
Ending with ‘ing’
37. Predators
• Predatory Journals Identify
–May be indexed
–Payment for publications
–Fast publications
–Peer review doubtful
–Mostly not read or printed
38. Predators vs Mainstream
• Predatory Journals Problems
–Not cited
–Papers published are lost
• Mainstream Journals
–High rejection rate (85-90%)
–Long time taken to publish
Question Remains:
Perish or?
39. Before Submission:
Critical Appraisal (3rd Party)
• Why did they start?
• What did they do?
• What did they find?
• What did it mean?
• What is the message?
Use Critical Appraisal Tools
“CASP” “icmje.org”
40. Take home message
• Done research: Write
• Drafts: Re-check & Prune
• Follow journal guidelines
• Do appraisal, then send
• Good journals: Predators ??
Please: Polish your English