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The Empire of Ghana
Enduring Understandings:
►Natural Resources and geographic features
contribute to success in trade
►Trade results in the blending of cultural
traditions and belief systems
West Africa’s Empires
► What they have in common…

 Thrived due to their location – Niger River,
Natural Resources, and proximity to other
trading nations
 Strong leadership contributed to their success
 Influenced by Islam because of trade
Do Now
► On a scrap piece of

paper answer the
following question:

► How did geography

effect the location of
the empire of Ghana?

Ghana
The Foundation of the Empire
►

►

►

The empire of Ghana
existed between 300
-1267 CE
Became wealthy by
controlling the natural
resources available
and taxing traders
Ghana was primarily
located in the
savannah of Africa
Ghana’s Northern Border
► Northern

Ghana
bordered Sahara; ideal
hub for salt, gold trade
-served as trade
regulators of salt from
north, gold from south
- kept gold source
secret and limited
supply; increased
trade value
Ghana’s Southern Border
► Southern Ghana was border by the Niger

river and the rainforests.
► The Rainforests contained gold, the kings of
Ghana decided to hide the location of the
mines a secret in order to control the value
of the gold
Ghana’s Kings
► Ghana received it’s name from the people

who inhabited the land. “Ghana” is what the
people called their king.
► The kings were responsible for keeping
trade running smoothly and playing an
important role in the relgious life of the
people. Kings performed the proper prayers
and rituals to make the land fertile and to
bring prosperity to the people
Empire of Ghana


Ghana became wealthy for
several reasons:
 Koumbi Saleh (popl.15,000),
Ghana’s capital was located
at the crossroads of several
major trade routes.
 The king controlled the
secret of the gold mines,
therefore controlled the price
of gold
 The king taxed traders and
collected tributes from
conquered peoples
Kingdom to Empire
► Once the kindgom of Ghana became

wealthy, the king took the opportunity to
begining to expand it’s borders by
conquering lands surrounding the empire.
► By acquiring more lands the kingdom
became even more wealthy and as a result
grew even further resulting in an empire
Religious and Cultural Changes
►

Berbers, Islam, Arabic
greatly influenced empires
of West Africa

►

Berbers—North Africans
who developed trade
routes, raised camels
- spoke Arabic, practiced
Islam, worked with
Umayyads in African trade
Berbers
► Berbers

brought
writing (Arabic), Islam,
scholars to West Africa
- some Ghana kings
converted to Islam,
used Arabic in
government
Influence of Islamic Beliefs
►

Some Ghana kings
converted to Islam but
kept some traditional
beliefs in order to
keep the support of
their subjects
-belief that ancestry
gave king right to rule
was maintained
Influence of Islamic Beliefs
► Muslims gained power

in Ghana government,
advised kings
► Ghana 's upper class
accepted Islam,
learned Arabic, read
Qur'an
► Islamic ethics, or
beliefs, influenced the
law and culture in
Ghana
Ghana Under Attack
Despite Islam’s influence Ghana
declined
► Almoravids —North African
Muslims – a group made up of a
confederation of Berbers - who
came to power in 11th century
-Almoravids were camel herders
who envied Ghana 's wealth
-wanted Muslims to follow their
interpretation of Islam
► Almoravids attacked Ghana,
weakened trade network
► Ghana crumbled; Almoravids
seized capital in 1076
►

Almoravid Empire
Capital of Ghana
Review
How did natural Resources and geographic
features contribute to success in trade?
Trade results in the blending of cultural
traditions and belief systems?

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The Empire of Ghana

  • 1. The Empire of Ghana Enduring Understandings: ►Natural Resources and geographic features contribute to success in trade ►Trade results in the blending of cultural traditions and belief systems
  • 2. West Africa’s Empires ► What they have in common…  Thrived due to their location – Niger River, Natural Resources, and proximity to other trading nations  Strong leadership contributed to their success  Influenced by Islam because of trade
  • 3. Do Now ► On a scrap piece of paper answer the following question: ► How did geography effect the location of the empire of Ghana? Ghana
  • 4. The Foundation of the Empire ► ► ► The empire of Ghana existed between 300 -1267 CE Became wealthy by controlling the natural resources available and taxing traders Ghana was primarily located in the savannah of Africa
  • 5. Ghana’s Northern Border ► Northern Ghana bordered Sahara; ideal hub for salt, gold trade -served as trade regulators of salt from north, gold from south - kept gold source secret and limited supply; increased trade value
  • 6. Ghana’s Southern Border ► Southern Ghana was border by the Niger river and the rainforests. ► The Rainforests contained gold, the kings of Ghana decided to hide the location of the mines a secret in order to control the value of the gold
  • 7. Ghana’s Kings ► Ghana received it’s name from the people who inhabited the land. “Ghana” is what the people called their king. ► The kings were responsible for keeping trade running smoothly and playing an important role in the relgious life of the people. Kings performed the proper prayers and rituals to make the land fertile and to bring prosperity to the people
  • 8. Empire of Ghana  Ghana became wealthy for several reasons:  Koumbi Saleh (popl.15,000), Ghana’s capital was located at the crossroads of several major trade routes.  The king controlled the secret of the gold mines, therefore controlled the price of gold  The king taxed traders and collected tributes from conquered peoples
  • 9. Kingdom to Empire ► Once the kindgom of Ghana became wealthy, the king took the opportunity to begining to expand it’s borders by conquering lands surrounding the empire. ► By acquiring more lands the kingdom became even more wealthy and as a result grew even further resulting in an empire
  • 10. Religious and Cultural Changes ► Berbers, Islam, Arabic greatly influenced empires of West Africa ► Berbers—North Africans who developed trade routes, raised camels - spoke Arabic, practiced Islam, worked with Umayyads in African trade
  • 11. Berbers ► Berbers brought writing (Arabic), Islam, scholars to West Africa - some Ghana kings converted to Islam, used Arabic in government
  • 12. Influence of Islamic Beliefs ► Some Ghana kings converted to Islam but kept some traditional beliefs in order to keep the support of their subjects -belief that ancestry gave king right to rule was maintained
  • 13. Influence of Islamic Beliefs ► Muslims gained power in Ghana government, advised kings ► Ghana 's upper class accepted Islam, learned Arabic, read Qur'an ► Islamic ethics, or beliefs, influenced the law and culture in Ghana
  • 14. Ghana Under Attack Despite Islam’s influence Ghana declined ► Almoravids —North African Muslims – a group made up of a confederation of Berbers - who came to power in 11th century -Almoravids were camel herders who envied Ghana 's wealth -wanted Muslims to follow their interpretation of Islam ► Almoravids attacked Ghana, weakened trade network ► Ghana crumbled; Almoravids seized capital in 1076 ► Almoravid Empire Capital of Ghana
  • 15. Review How did natural Resources and geographic features contribute to success in trade? Trade results in the blending of cultural traditions and belief systems?