The document provides guidance on how to identify credible sources of information. It discusses several questions to consider when evaluating sources: 1. Does the information seem too good to be true or unbelievable? Consider whether it conflicts with known facts or seems exaggerated. 2. Who wrote the information? Consider the author's credentials and expertise. Whether they can be identified and their affiliations evaluated. 3. When was the information written? Consider whether older information is still relevant or current links still work for websites. 4. Can the information be verified? Consider whether sources are cited and information can be corroborated elsewhere. 5. How is the information written? Consider whether there are errors, bias, manipulation

1. How Do I Identify Credible
Sources?

2. How Do I Identify Credible Sources?
• Keep these questions in mind as
you choose and gather information
from research sources.

3. 1. Does the writing seem too good to
be true?
• Sometimes content seems so
amazing that it makes a reader
wonder if it’s true or not. Beware of
this as it can indicate unreliability
and inaccuracy. Ask these questions
to help you determine if the writing
might be largely untrue:

4. 1. Does the writing seem too good to
be true?
• Does this information seem unbelievable?
• Does it make sense to you or others?
• Does what you read conflict with something
you already know to be true?
• Does the writing seem like hyperbole where
something is grossly exaggerated?
• Is there a way to check this information out
so you know whether it is true or not?

5. 1. Does the writing seem too good to
be true?
Example

6. 1. Does the writing seem too good to be true?
Live Cow Lowered Onto Floor Of U.S. House Of Representatives
WASHINGTON—Cautiously maneuvering the animal above
Congressional chambers as a chorus of snarls and growls
erupted from below, U.S. Capitol handlers carried out routine
legislative feeding procedures this morning by lowering a live
cow onto the floor of the House of Representatives. “All
right, chow time!” shouted a feeding supervisor, who lowered
the 800-pound heifer into the baying horde of lawmakers and
then waited around 30 seconds for the sounds of panic and
gnashing teeth to die down before lifting the animal’s
skeletonized remains back up from the floor. “Let’s bring ’er
up, fellas. Whoo-weee! Looks like they were hungry today, yes
sir!” At press time, sources reported the blood-soaked
legislators had resumed their scheduled hearing on H.R. 3193.

7. 1. Does the writing seem too good to
be true?
• Does this information seem unbelievable?
• Does it make sense to you or others?
• Does what you read conflict with something you
already know to be true?
• Does the writing seem like hyperbole where
something is grossly exaggerated?
• Is there a way to check this information out so you
know whether it is true or not?
Is it a reliable source?

8. 1. Does the writing seem too good to
be true?
It is not a reliable source. It is from a satirical news website called The Onion.

9. 2. Who wrote this information?
• Identifying the author can help you
determine the credibility and
truthfulness of your source.
Consider these questions:

10. 2. Who wrote this information?
• What is the author’s education, training, or
experience as it relates to this content?
• Does he or she have a professional title or is he or
she recognized as an authority?
• Is the author connected with an organization? If
so, can you determine if it is a respectable
organization?
• Can you contact the author or the company?
• If the author is unnamed, can you take extra
steps to find information about this author?

11. 2. Who wrote this information?
Example

12. 2. Who wrote this information?

13. 2. Who wrote this information?
• What is the author’s education, training, or
experience as it relates to this content?
• Does he or he have a professional title or is he or she
recognized as an authority?
• Is the author connected with an organization? If so,
can you determine if it is a respected organization?
• Can you contact the author or the company?
• If the author is unnamed, can you take extra steps to
find information about this author?
Is it a reliable source?

14. 2. Who wrote this information?
It is not a reliable source. It is also from The Onion.

15. 3. When was this information written?
• For certain topics, how old the information is
can impact the reliability and accuracy.
Consider the following:
• Does the author include a date for the information
written?
• Is it important that the information be current or are
you researching a topic from long ago?
• (For websites) Do the links on the site still work or are
they outdated?

16. 3. When was this information written?
Example

17. 3. When was this information written?

18. 3. When was this information written?
• Does the author include a date for
the information written?
• Is it important that the information
be current or are you researching a
topic from long ago?
• (For websites) Do the links on the
site still work or are they outdated?
Is it a reliable source?

19. 3. When was this information written?
It is not a reliable source. The information is out
dated. It is also from Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a
reliable source.

20. 4. Can the information be verified?
• To check the accuracies of information, we
might consider these questions:
• What sources does the author of this information use?
• Are these sources listed in the article?
• Does the author include a works cited or other
links to provide additional resources or original
source information?
• Are there identified sources for any data or
statistics in the content?
• Can you find other sources that share the same
information or is it the only source?

21. 4. Can the information be verified?
Examples

22. 4. Can the information be verified?

23. 4. Can the information be verified?

24. 4. Can the information be verified?
• What sources does the author of this information use?
• Are these sources listed in the article?
• Does the author include a works cited or other
links to provide additional resources or original
source information?
• Are there identified sources for any data or
statistics in the content?
• Can you find other sources that share the same
information or is it the only source?
Which one is a reliable source?

25. 4. Can the information be verified?
Only the second article is a reliable source. It cites sources and is from a
peer-reviewed academic journal. The first article is NOT reliable.

26. 5. How might the tone or style of the
writing reflect its credibility?
• The actual design of the SOURCE will
not necessarily mean it is unreliable.
What is most important is the actual
writing. The way in which an article is
written can reveal clues about its
credibility. Consider the following:

27. 5. How might the tone or style of the
writing reflect its credibility?
• Does the article have several
grammar, spelling, punctuation, or capitalization errors?
• Is the writing emotional and include language that has a
bitter, critical, or demanding tone?
• Is the writing so informal that it seems hard to trust?
• Does it seem unfair or extremely slanted to a point of
view and biased?
• If it is biased, are there facts to back it up or other sites to
verify what it states?
• Does it seem like it would anger or manipulate people?

28. 5. How might the tone or style of the
writing reflect its credibility?
Example

29. 5. How might the tone or style of the
writing reflect its credibility?

30. 5. How might the tone or style of the
writing reflect its credibility?
• Does the article have several
grammar, spelling, punctuation, or capitalization errors?
• Is the writing emotional and include language that has a
bitter, critical, or demanding tone?
• Is the writing so informal that it seems hard to trust?
• Does it seem unfair or extremely slanted to a point of
view and biased?
• If it is biased, are there facts to back it up or other sites to
verify what it states?
• Does it seem like it would anger or manipulate people?
Is it a reliable source?

31. 5. How might the tone or style of the
writing reflect its credibility?
It is not a reliable source. It is from Twitter. Tweets are not reliable sources.

32. 6. Why does the author write this
information?
• Sometimes people write articles for reasons that
contribute to unreliability, bias, and untruths.
This doesn’t mean that a company writing an
article about something it is passionate about will
be unreliable or that a person who writes a
persuasive piece is completely biased. Argument
papers are by nature meant to persuade a
reader, so take this into account while reading. As
you read sources, use your judgment and the
clues about credibility to make sure you access
the information you need to satisfy your task.