2. IMPERIALISM
Don’t write!
•IMPERIALISM
- extending a
nation’s
power over
other lands.
3. •Africa seen as new
sources of things Euro
wanted such as:
1. Raw materials
2.Direct control of
markets & new markets
to sell
goods
4. 3.Rivalries w/
other nations-
4. Social
Darwinism:
survival of
the fittest &
racist beliefs
5. 5.White Man’s
Burden”- belief
that European’s
had a
responsibility to
civilize primitive
people
6. spread
Christianity
6. •When slave trade was
banned by 1890s, Euro
sold textiles &
manufactured goods in
exchange for resources
such as
peanuts,
timber,
palm oil.
7. DON’ T WRITE
• Euros pushed for a more
permanent presence. Gold
Coast 1st colony when the Brits
annex it.
• Brits set up PROTECTORATE
(must depend on another govt)
in Nigeria.
• Others compete for the rest of
Africa (all but Liberia &
Ethiopia taken by 1914
9. EXPLORATION: DON’T WRITE!
• Many explorers come to
Africa including David
Livingston who gets lost.
• Is found by journalist
Henry Stanley who
talks Leopold II of
Belgium into
colonizing Congo.
10. EUROPE DIVIDES AFRICA: DON’ T WRITE
•Ger, Br, Port,
Belgium claim
same land.
•Meet at Berlin
Conference in
1884 & divide
up Africa.
•No African reps
11.
12. •Egypt part of Ottoman
Empire until
MUHAMMAD ALI took
over & est separate
Egyptian state.
•Modernized army,
reformed schools,
created industries.
13. SUEZ CANAL
Ferdinand de
Lesseps
designs SUEZ
CANAL in 1864
to connect Red
Sea to
Mediterranean
Sea for faster
shipping
15. INDIRECT RULE
• Brits used INDIRECT RULE-
local rulers kept positions
of power & followed
colonizer’s rules.
• Kept local customs,
but caused
tension
16. DIRECT RULE
• France used
DIRECT RULE-
local officials
removed from
power &
replaced w/
new set of
officials from
mother country
18. CHANGES IN AFRICA
• 1. Colonizers created new
govts (direct or indirect)
• 2. loss of farmlands & build
up of resentment
• 3. Educated people in
colonizers language &
religion (but many learned
western ideas)
19. • 4. many different ethnic
groups forced together
5. Desire for nationalism
grew with lost freedoms
6. Became labor to
produce raw materials
21. • DON’T WRITE!
• Brits powerful &
move into India.
• British East India
Trading Company
given power by
govt to help w/
military &
political affairs.
28. • Benefits of Brit rule
included:
• order, stability, new
school system, RRs,
telegraphs, & trains for
transportation of goods
& people.
29. • Problems caused:
• Manufactured goods
destroy local industry
• grow cotton, not food,
• Brits get best jobs
• No respect for culture
• Corrupt tax
collectors
30. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
• Indian nationalists want
reform & meet in 1885 to
form Indian National
Congress. (educated in colonial
schools)
• INC want share in governing
process & Indian
independence
32. • Hindu majority & Muslim
minority.
• Muslims want separate
Muslim League.
• Afraid Hindus will
overrun all others.
33.
34. INDIA
•Mahatma Gandhi, (a
former lawyer) organizes
protests.
•Believes in non-violent
protest or CIVIL
DISOBEDIENCE- (refusal
to obey unjust law) to
get independence.
35. •Led marches, protests,
boycotts & withheld
paying taxes to get
independence
•used traditional Indian
dress, language, seen as
a spiritual leader
36. INDIA or
• Gandhi called MAHATMA
“Great Soul”
• 1919 Brits kill 100s & arrest
Gandhi
• Led Salt March in 1930, urging
people to make salt, (against Brit
law) showing non-violent resistance)
• Helps get independence in 1947.
assassinated
39. INDIA & PAKISTAN
•Conflict grows btw
Muslim minority & Hindu
majority.
• Muslims led by Ali Jinnah want a
separate Muslim state in Pakistan
40. •8/14/47 Indian empire
gets independence &
divided into 2 nations:
India- Hindu nation
Pakistan-Muslim nation.
41. INDIA & PAKISTAN
• Millions flee. Hindus go to
India & Muslims to
Pakistan.
• Many die, including Gandhi,
(assassinated on 6/30/48)
• Several areas stay indep.
• Each choose which nation
to join
42. KASHMIR
• Kashmir,
area high in
Hindu Kush
mtns btw
India &
Pakistan had
problems.
• Good resources there &
also major rivers of
region begin here.
43. KASHMIR
• Kashmir has Hindu Prince &
Muslim people.
• Pakistan & India sends in
troops to take over.
• UN steps in & divides
Kashmir .(2/3 to India & 1/3 to
Pakistan). No one happy. Series of
small wars occur.
• In 1990s, both nations get nuclear
weapons.
44. KASHMIR
• Violence starts in 2001 election
• Pak hijacks India airliner.
• Ind troops kill people in
camps & tests long range
missiles
• Oct 2001, 1 million troops line
up along border.
• Still ongoing struggle.
45.
46. AFRICA
•Did not get independence
after WW I .
•Euro can’t afford
to keep troops
in colonies
after WWII
47. •New leaders (many
educated in US) believe
in MARCUS GARVEY.
•He stressed PAN-
AFRICANISM: unity of
African people
•Stress African
heritage
48. KWAME NKRUMAH
• 1957: The Gold
Coast(Ghana),
1st colony gets
independence
from GB w/ help
of KWAME
NKRUMAH who
later became leader
49. • 17 by nations
by 1960.
• 11 more btw
1961-1965.
• Guerilla
warfare helps
Morocco,
Mozambique,
Angola &
Tunisia
50.
51. •White run govt.
•1950s: AFRIKANNERS
(SA whites) decide to
make stronger
segregation laws
(separating races)
called APARTHEID.
52. •1960-Students protest
peacefully at Sharpsville,
troops open fire, shooting kids in back.
•Blacks not allowed to
participate in govt, hold
certain jobs, must live in
separate
homelands.
53. •NELSON MANDELA
leader of AFRICAN
NATIONAL CONGRESS
(formed to get poli
reform) is arrested for
fighting for rights.
•Nations boycott
SA & ban SA
from Olympics.
54. • 1993 President
de Klerk agrees
to hold
democratic
elections (due
to international
pressure).
• Mandela
elected Pres. (jail
time 26 years
57. ISSUES IN AFRICA
1. single crop economy. ¾
live off of land.
2.few factories, low
literacy rates, few skilled
workers
3. hi pop growth (3% per
yr) high birth rates &
death rates
58. 4.Must import technology
& manufactured goods
from West
5. bribery & corrupt
officials, child soldiers
6. Huge droughts create
FAMINE- lack of food
7. Uneven resources.
8. Poverty
59. 9.Fast urbanization- city
growth leads to crime,
overcrowding, pollution,
not enough services.
10. Aids- 300 mil by 2040.
8% of continent. ¾ of
Nairobi
63. • Civil wars begin btw groups
when too many ethnic
groups put together in one
area.
• GENONICDE: killing a
specific ethnic group:
• RWANDA- Hutus kill
500,000 Tutsis on a
rampage in 1994. Killed w/
machetes, fire & torture.
