High environment damage

1. SARDAR SAROVAR DAM
SUBMITTED BY: MUGDHA PEDNEKAR
ROLL NO: 32
DIVISION: A

2. PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
 Gravity dam on Narmada river near Navgam, Gujarat
 Purpose-hydroelectricity and irrigation
 Aim-irrigate more than 18000 sq.km most of it drought prone areas
of Kutch and Saurashtra
 Total installed capacity - 1450 MW
 The project aims at supplying 3571 MLD of drinking water (2900 MLD
for domestic consumption & 671 MLD for industrial consumption) to
8215 villages & 135 towns in Gujarat
 Aims to provide drinking water facilities to a population of about
13.71 lakh in 1107 villages & two town in Jallore & Barmer districts of
Rajasthan.

3. BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT
 Potential to feed as many as 20 million people, provide domestic
and industrial water for about 30 million, employ about 1 million
 Provide valuable peak electric power in an area with high unmet
power demand
 Dam’s spillway discharging capacity (30.7 lakh cusecs) would be
3rd highest in the world (indicates flood discharge of the river)
 With 1133 cumecs (40,000 cusecs) capacity at the head regulator
and 532 km length, the Narmada Main Canal would be the largest
irrigation canal in the world
 The project envisages irrigation to 17.92 lakh ha land of Gujarat
covering 3360 villages of 62 talukas in 14 districts.

4. BENEFITS CONTINUED…
 Tribal area in Maharashtra and the drought-prone areas in
Rajasthan will also get irrigation benefits.
 The project will generate between 856 to 1007 million units per year
of cheap and eco-friendly indigenous hydro power.
 The project will benefit areas like Bhal affected by high impact of
saline soil water.
 Benefits to three sanctuaries.

5. COMPANY BACKGROUND
 Narmada Control Authority (NCA) has been setup under the final
orders and decision of the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (NWDT)
 The authority started functioning from 20th December, 1980
 Secretary to the Govt. of India, Ministry of Water Resources-
Chairman
 All expenses of the authority shall be borne by the State
Governments of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and
Rajasthan in equal shares

6. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

7. COST INCURRED DURING PROJECT
 Financial cost
 Projected cost: Rs. 6406.04 crores in 1986-87
 Actual cost: Rs. 45673.86 crores ('Working Group on Water Resources
for the 11th Five Year Plan')
 Can go up by Rs. 70000 crores by 2012
 Human Displacement Cost
 Project cost: Disbursement of land to affected families
 Monetary value - NIL
 Actual cost: Cash for Land suspended by NCA
Source: TISS report on Narmada dam

8. COST INCURRED DURING PROJECT
 Environmental Cost
 Non-reimbursable: 13000 hectares forest land and11000 hectares
agricultural land submerged
 Loss of biological and acquatic diversity
NAME TYPE CONDITION
Teak Plant Declining
Bamboo Plant Declining
Anjan Plant (eaten by wild ass) Declining
Mohua Plant Declining
Tenu Plant Declining
Salai Plant Declining
Radermachera Plant Rare
Spernadictyon Plant Rare
Cochlospermum Plant Rare
Blackbuck Bird Rare
Wild Ass Mamal- Donkey-family Endangered (2000 in the world)
Wolf Mammal (dog) Declining
Houbara bustard Bird (Turkey-like) Declining
Lesser florican Bird One of the 50 rarest in the world
Desert lark Bird Declining
Desert courser Bird Declining
Indian gazelle Smallest Asiatic Antelope Declining
Nevan Bird Declining
Freshwater Crocodile Reptile Severely Declining
Mahsa Freshwater fish Severely Declining
Source: TISS report on Narmada dam

9. RECOVERY OF PROJECT
Promised to build 3200 dams along 1200 km Narmada river
 Irrigation Efficiency
 Project documents to be 60%
 Domestic water usage
 2.35 million people in 8235 villages in 135 towns
 Power Efficiency
 100 MW powerhouse at dam and 250 MW powerhouse at canal
 Tourism Facility
 Beneficiary Gujarat Govt

10. OPPONENTS
 Adivasis- Bhils, Bhillais, Dhangar etc.
 Narmada Bachao Andolan -Medha Patkar , Baba Amte
 Supporters - Arundhati Roy, Aamir Khan, Ali Kazimi, Anand
Patwardhan
 World Bank
 Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal(NWDT)
 Various Environment Saving NGOs, Independent bodies working for
same.

11. REVENUE
 Accoding to Lahiri, Chairman, Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam:
daily revenue of 7 crore at Rs. 2 per unit
 6 major dams and 20 medium dams are either ready or on the
verge of completion.
 Revenue through the means of tourism - GoG
 Exact figures unknown but hydroelectricity will be major revenue
generation means of the project

12. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
 Strongly recommended that dam height should not be raised
 Sky rocketing costs of total project needs to be reviewed
 Rehabilitation to locals and tribal is a major concern.
 Loss due to high waterlogging and land undergoing dam water
needs to be verified.
 Environmental damage is high and non reimbursable.
 Honest comparison of benefits v/s damage is essential

13. THANKYOU