1) Temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of air molecules, with higher temperatures indicating faster moving molecules. Different temperature scales are discussed, including Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. 2) Heat is the transfer of energy that changes an object's temperature, with specific heat referring to the amount of heat needed to change an object's temperature. Water has a specific heat of 1.0. 3) Latent heat is the energy required for phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas, such as melting or evaporation. Latent heat drives thunderstorms and hurricanes.

1. Temperature, Heat, and Energy Transfer Wx 201 Henry Robinson

4. Potential Energy Maximum Kinetic Energy Maximum

10. Temperature Scales 311 38 100 300 27 80 289 16 60 277 4 40 273 0 32 266 -7 20 255 -18 0 244 -29 -20 233 -40 -40 K C F

16. Specific Heat of Substances Sand Dry Air Clay Ice Water Substance 0.19 0.24 0.33 0.5 1.0 Specific Heat 5.2 C 4.2 C 3.0 C 2.0 C 1.0 C Temp rise for 1 calorie of heat added to one gram of material

33. Thermals and Clouds Clouds are cause by rising air parcels.