Presentation On GSM

1. PRESENTATION ON
NAME : BHANU PRATAP SINGH
BRANCH : E.I.
ROLL NO . : 090105012

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 ARCHITECTURE
 SPECIFICATIONS
 SECURITY
 CHARACTERISTICS
 APPLICATIONS
 FUTURE

3. INTRODUCTION
 Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular
standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery using
digital modulation.
 Aim Of GSM is to replace the incompatible analog system .
 Today many providers all over the world use GSM (more than 135
countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, America)

4. ARCHITECTURE

5. ARCHITECTURE
 Mobile Station
 Mobile Equipment (ME)
 Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
 Base Station Subsystem (BSS):
 Base Transceiver Station
 Base Station Controller
 Network Subsystem:
 Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
 Home Location Register (HLR)
 Visitor Location Register (VLR)
 Authentication Center (AUC)
 Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

6. MOBILE STATION (MS)
• The Mobile Station is made up of two entities:
Mobile Equipment (ME)
o The Mobile Equipment is the hardware used
by the subscriber to access the network .
o Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International
Mobile Equipment Identity)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
o Smart card containing the International Mobile
Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
o Allows user to send and receive calls and
receive other subscribed services
o Protected by a password or PIN

7. BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM
 Base Station Subsystem is
composed of two parts :
 1) Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
 2) Base Station Controller (BSC)
• Base Transceiver Station
(BTS)
 Houses the radio transceivers that define a
cell
 Handles radio-link protocols with the Mobile
Station

8. Base Station Controller (BSC)
 Manages Resources for BTS ,
 Handles call set up,
 Location update,
 Handover for each MS.

9. NETWORK SUBSYSTEM
 Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)
MSC performs following functions :
 Switching and call routing
 Charging
 Service provisioning
 Communication with HLR
 Communication with the VLR
 Communication with other MSCs
 Control of connected BSCs
 Direct access to Internet services
 Home Location Registers (HLR) :
 Contains administrative information of each subscriber
 Most important database

10. NETWORK SUBSYSTEM
 Visitor Location Registers (VLR)
o tracks which customers have the phone on and ready to
receive a call
o periodically updates the database on which phones are
turned on and ready to receive calls
 Authentication Center (AUC)
o mainly used for security
o data storage location and functional part of the network
 Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
- Database that is used to track handsets using the IMEI ,Made up
of three sub-classes: The White List, The Black List and the Gray
List
o Optional database

11. GSM SPECIFICATIONS
• GSM systems use radio frequencies between 890-915 MHz for
receive and between 935-960 MHz for transmit.
• RF carriers are spaced every 200 kHz, allowing a total of 124
carriers for use.
• An RF carrier is a pair of radio frequencies, one used in each
direction.
• Transmit and receive frequencies are always separated by 45
MHz .

12. SECURITY IN GSM
 On air interface, GSM uses encryption and TMSI instead of
IMSI.
 SIM is provided 4-8 digit PIN to validate the ownership of SIM
 3 algorithms are specified :
- A3 algorithm for authentication
- A5 algorithm for encryption
- A8 algorithm for key generation

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF GSM STANDARD
 Fully digital system using 900,1800 MHz frequency band.
 TDMA over radio carriers(200 KHz carrier spacing.
 User/terminal authentication for fraud control.
 Encryption of speech and data transmission over the radio
path.
 Full international roaming capability.
 Low speed data services (up to 9.6 Kb/s).
 Compatibility with ISDN.
 Support of Short Message Service (SMS).

14. ADVANTAGES OF GSM OVER ANALOG
SYSTEM
 Capacity increases
 Reduced RF transmission power and longer battery life.
 International roaming capability.
 Better security against fraud (through terminal validation and user
authentication.

15. GSM APPLICATIONS
 Telemetry System
- Fleet management
- Automatic meter reading
- Toll Collection
 Value Added Services

16. FUTURE OF GSM
o 2nd Generation
 GSM -9.6 Kbps (data rate)
o 2.5 Generation ( Future of GSM)
 HSCSD (High Speed circuit Switched data)
 Data rate : 76.8 Kbps (9.6 x 8 kbps)
 GPRS (General Packet Radio service)
 Data rate: 14.4 - 115.2 Kbps
 EDGE (Enhanced data rate for GSM Evolution)
 Data rate: 547.2 Kbps (max)
o 3 Generation
 WCDMA(Wide band CDMA)
 Data rate : 0.348 – 2.0 Mbps

17. THANK
YOU