The document discusses several key events and developments in late medieval Europe including: 1) The Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1337-1453 saw England initially victorious until Joan of Arc helped the French remove the British. 2) The Black Death plague pandemic between 1347-1350 killed approximately one-third of Western Europe's population through bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plagues. 3) Challenges to the Roman Catholic Church included the Avignon Papacy, the Great Schism, and reformers like John Wycliffe and Jan Hus.

1. The Late Middle
Ages: Social and
Political
Breakdown

2. Feudalism and the
Crusades
2

3. 3

4. Hundred Years’ War

5. Hundred Years’ War
1337-1453
England and
France
England=victor
until 1429
French eventually
removed British

6. Hundred Years’ War
1337-1453
England and
France
England=victor
until 1429
French eventually
removed British

7. Hundred Years’ War
1337-1453
England and
France
England=victor
until 1429
French eventually
removed British

8. Hundred Years’ War
1337-1453
England and
France
England=victor
until 1429
French eventually
removed British

9. 5

10. The Black Death

11. The Black Death
1347-1350

12. The Black Death
1347-1350
Plagues
Septicemic
Pneumonic
Bubonic

13. The Black Death
1347-1350
Plagues
Septicemic
Pneumonic
Bubonic
1/3 of W.
Europeans
died

14. The Black Death
Cause?
Curse from
God

15. The Black Death
Cause?
Curse from
God
Cures?
Flagellation
Bleeding

18. Challenges to RCC

19. Challenges to RCC

20. Challenges to RCC
Avignon Papacy (1309-1377)
Babylonian Captivity

21. Challenges to RCC
Avignon Papacy (1309-1377)
Babylonian Captivity
Great Schism (1378-1417)

22. Challenges to RCC
Avignon Papacy (1309-1377)
Babylonian Captivity
Great Schism (1378-1417)
John Wycliffe
English
d. 1384

23. Challenges to RCC
Avignon Papacy (1309-1377)
Babylonian Captivity
Great Schism (1378-1417)
John Wycliffe
English
d. 1384
Jan Hus
Czech
d. 1415

24. Challenges to RCC
Avignon Papacy (1309-1377)
Babylonian Captivity
Great Schism (1378-1417)
John Wycliffe
English
d. 1384
Jan Hus
Czech
d. 1415

25. Cultural
Achievements

26. Cultural
Achievements
In Early Middle Ages,
culture regressed because
of:
Barbarian invasions
Feudalism
People’s concern for barest
essentials of life

27. Cultural
Achievements

28. Cultural
Achievements
In High Middle Ages, culture
progressed because:
Church provided leadership and
support
Crusades spread knowledge of
Byzantine and Moslem civilization
Towns=centers of culture and
learning

29. Cultural
Achievements

30. Cultural
Achievements
Architecture
Romanesque (pre-1100s)
Massive cathedrals
Featured:
Thick walls
Few windows
Rounded arches
Strong columns

31. Cultural
Achievements

32. Cultural
Achievements
Architecture (cont’d)
Gothic (1100s+)
More graceful style
Featured:
Flying buttresses
Pointed arches
Thin walls
Stained-glass windows

33. Cultural
Achievements
Architecture (cont’d)
Gothic (1100s+)
More graceful style
Featured:
Flying buttresses
Pointed arches
Thin walls
Stained-glass windows

34. 14

35. Cultural
Achievements

36. Cultural
Achievements
Higher education
Universities founded
Except for religion, relied
chiefly on Aristotle’s writings
Students faced difficulties:
Taught in Latin, not vernacular
Lacked books and libraries

37. 16

38. Cultural
Achievements

39. Cultural
Achievements
Science & invention
Medieval scientists were
quite unscientific
Rarely experimented or
questioned
Mainly accepted:
Popular superstitions
Ideas of Aristotle

40. Cultural
Achievements

41. Cultural
Achievements
Science & invention (cont’d)
Scientists:
Alchemists
Astrologers
Roger Bacon
Science requires:
Experimentation
Observation

42. Cultural
Achievements

43. Cultural
Achievements
Philosophy & theology
Scholasticism--method of using
pure reason in defense of faith
Scholars
Peter Abelard
Famous medieval teacher
Wrote Sic et Non
Differing views of RCC leaders on
various issues

44. Cultural
Achievements

45. Cultural
Achievements
Philosophy & theology
(cont’d)
Scholars (cont’d)
St. Thomas Aquinas
Wrote Summa Theologica
Denied conflict between reason
and faith
Influenced by Aristotle

46. Cultural
Achievements

47. Cultural
Literature Achievements
Few books written
Epic poems
Beowulf--Anglo-Saxon poem
Song of Roland--French epic
Song of Cid--Spanish story
Lyrical poems
Mostly about love
By wandering musicians

50. The Late Middle
Ages: Social and
Political
Breakdown