1. Revision for Exams
All Questions

2. Question 1 Revision
Character Type
• The protagonist
Hero/ good guy identify via actions
• The antagonist
Villain/ bad guy identify via actions
• The side-kick
Helper/ donor/ best friend but not as
important!
• The female lead (damsel
in distress or Princess).
Damsel – she will be screaming/upset
Princess – she will be looking pretty/
kissing hero
Why AA uses them
• Saves the day, audience cheers for, women want him,
he takes actions moves narrative forward creates
events, tension, drama.
• Creates tension, drama, action someone to challenge
the hero- stop him from saving the day, creates
conflict, moves the narrative forward, makes the hero
look good in comparison
• Comic relief – zingers, makes the hero look good/
popular, helps the hero – makes him seem more
human and relatable.
• Prize for the hero, motivation (reward if he does good
and if he has to save her), makes the hero look good
(actions, popular, lovable), Target audience of men
would like to look at her and want to ‘save’ her’,
female audience could identify with her

3. Question 1 Revision
Events
• Fight scene
• Chase scene
• Normality scene
When everything is calm and happy
• Quick surprise scene
Something unexpected happens –
contrasts with normality scene
Why AA uses them
• Excitement for the audience, creates tension
– will the hero win, makes hero seem brave,
tough, skilful, clever, merciful
• All of the above and - will move the narrative
along, allow for new locations (create
variation
• Relax the audience (creates contrast with
above), give information and develop
personalities - allows us to relate/ learn
about characters.
• Makes it more exciting, creates panic,
increases involvement, shocks or worries the
audience

4. Technical Terms How can you spot it? What effects could it have?
MES
Costume
Sets/locations
Casting/performance
Props
What they wear
Where it is and what it looks
like
Actors and Actions
Things they use
So we know who people are, are they good or
bad, we assume things about the locations,
Characters can be made to look cool, realistic, tell
age, affect the way we feel
SOUND
Diegetic (D)
Non diegetic
Sound effects
Sonically exaggerated
Sound characters can hear
Sound only audience can hear
(music)
Added to make real things better eg
gun fire punches, explosions
Sound made better/louder/ more base
Dialogue – information, realistic
Enhance what is happening, let the audience know something is
going to happen, sets tone/mood
Realistic/ scary/ dramatic/ emphasis the hero – strong
Stand out/ dramatic/real/ emphasis violence
EDITING
Fast pace
Cross cutting
CGI (Green S)
Slowmotion
Where it is quick/fast
Cut in between two diff scenes
Computer Generated Image
Action is slowed down
Tension/dramatic/exciting
Scary/tension/ connect the scenes
Impossible is real, wow factor
See/emphasis action, good guy looks good, tension
Camera
Close up
High Angle
Low Angle
Steadicam
Shows face and shoulder
Camera up high looking down
Camera down low, looking up
Device to create very steady’
Shows emotions and audience will respond to that emotion
Makes the person look weak/vulnerable
Makes the person look powerful/strong/ evil?
Creates a sense of constant movement, action,
excitement, makes us feel like we are there

5. Camerawork
POV Camera
on Car Crane
Shot
Helicopter Shot
Whip Pan
Crash Zoom
Steadicam
Tracking Close
Up Mid Shot
Long Shot
High Angle
Low Angle
SOUND
Symphonic Score Crescendo Digitally
Enhanced Dramatic Soundtrack Sound
Motif Sonically Exaggerated Discordant
Sound Non-harmonious Volume
Diegetic Non Diegetic`
Mise en Scene
Setting and Props Costume/Hair/Make Up
Lighting and Colour Position of object in
the frame Animatronics Vehicular Stunts Combat
Work Wire Work Pyrotechnics Prosthetic
Squibs Exotic Locations Technology Weapons
Body Language Facial Expression Explosions
Editing
Bullet Time Fast
Paced Slow
Paced Over
Cracking Under
Cracking Slow
Motion
Accelerated
Motion Parallel
Editing Cross
Cutting
Transitions Photo
Realistic CGI
Green Screen
Key words to use when describing the
effects:
Dramatic, Tension, Exciting,
suspenseful, sympathise, identify with,
dislike, feel sorry for, makes us feel

6. Question 3 – Gender Representation
Stereotypical Male Representation
Strong, powerful, brave, intelligent, hench,
good looking, a player, hot, arrogant, cool,
athletic, leader, hero, provider
Non Stereotypical Male Representation
Non Stereotypical Female Representation
Pretty, stupid, damsel in distress, make
mistakes, get in the way, need to be saved,
emotional, sexy, vain, do silly things, cry a
lot, weak, scared.
Stereotypical Female Representation

7. Question 3 – Representation of Place
England
Cut little villages
Bad weather
Famous landmarks get Big
Ben
Green countryside with
farming
Big American City
Busy
Crowded
Lots of buildings and cars
Clean
Famous places eg NY
Africa
Poor
Dirty
Not a lot of big building or
technology
Dusty
Hot an sweaty
No water
The Middle East
A lot of sand
Some very rich areas
Some areas very under
developed
Lack of water
Contrast
Hot
Asia
Very, very busy and over
crowded
Lots of technology and
neon lights
Dirty
Some very poor and
overcrowded areas
Not a lot of open spaces
Other?

8. Common Ethnic Stereotypes
• Interesting
article to read
• http://www.soci
ologyinfocus.co
m/2012/01/23/
movie-made-
stereotypes/

9. Why use Stereotypes?
• Audience will expect it
• Makes it more interesting especially if a range of
stereotypes are used
• Easy for the audience to follow/ understand
• Fits the narrative and makes it more believable
• Society understands them and they reinforce
belief – especially for the male audience
• Easy to identify people and places
• Easy to understand the plot

10. Why Challenge Sterotypes?
• To surprise the audience (and maybe create
humour)
• To create variation and stop the genre from
becoming too predictable
• To try and change stereotypes (create counter
stereotypes)
• Some stereotypes are wrong and need to be
challenged
• Provide more interest for the female audience
• To shock
• Make the narrative less easy to work out

11. 4A - Scheduling
If the question is for 2 sitcoms
• Make four points (one must
be time and day)
• Try to make at least one
point that applies to both
sitcoms (eg day/time and
OFCOM)
• Try to make at least one
point for each sitcom that is
different (Aim of channels,
Royal Charter for BBC1,
Digital economy act for C4)
• Try to talk about the
different target audiences
If the question is for 1 sitcom
• Make four to six points (one
must be time and day)
• Make at least one point about
OFCOM
• Make at least one point about
the aims of the channel
• Make at least one point about
the specific target audience
• Try to talk about another piece
of legislation
• Try to talk about how the
sitcom was scheduled
differently on another channel
(and why)

12. 4B – Audience Pleasures
If the question is on 1 sitcom
• Talk about 4 – 6 different
audience pleasures
• For each pleasure try to give
more than one example
• Talk about more than one
episode
• Make links to the audience
theories we looked at
If the question is on 2 sitcoms
• Talk about 4 different audience
pleasures
• Talk about one that is featured
in both sitcom
• Talk about a different one for
each sitcom
• Make links to the audience
theories we looked at
• Evaluate which sitcom is best
based on how they use
audience pleasure and link to
target audiences